78 
F. W. Oliver . 
a high degree of complexity. One of these hooks (marked by an 
arrow, jnst above the letter S of salt-marsh, in Text-fig. 3, p. 78) 
has in recent years become somewhat exposed to gales from the 
north-west in consequence of the wasting of the tip of the main 
bank which formerly masked it. Last Easter (1911), when I was 
visiting the spot, a succession of heavy gales from this quarter 
removed the terminal portion of this hook and deposited the eroded 
material as a new bank, 140 ft. long, 50 ft. wide and over 6 ft. high, 
at right angles to the old hook on its lee side. The photograph 
(PI. 4, Fig. 2) shows the new hook lying at right angles to the old 
bank (which is seen on the right of the picture with vegetation 
zones)—the displaced tip of which it represents—as seen from the 
inside; the same relation is also indicated on the sketch map 
(Text-fig. 3). 
Fig. 3. Sketch map of the Blakeney Bank showing systems of hooks at 
A, B and C. 1,2, and 3 denote areas of marshes in the order in which they 
were reclaimed. The arrow above the letter S in “ salt ” indicates the position 
of the bank whose tip was turned at a right-angle in 1911. 
The observation tends to support the general position of 
Speight in so far as it emphasizes the importance of wave-action ; 
at the same time it does not prove that currents have not a part to 
play. In point of fact, a brisk current runs at this spot at a certain 
stage of the tide, so that it is impossible to maintain that the organised 
redistribution of material which has taken place could have been 
carried out in its absence. At the same time it is obvious that the 
current alone, so long as the point of this bank occupied a sheltered 
position, was not efficient to displace the material. It was only 
when reinforced by appropriate wave-action that this became 
possible. 
The occurrence is also instructive in providing the solution of 
a structural peculiarity of several of the old hooks further east on 
the same bank. It will be noted that at A, Text-fig. 3, there is a 
marked tendency for the hooks to show an L-shaped terminus. In 
view of what has been related, it may be accepted with some 
