I 22 
C. H. Ostenfeld. 
Europe, I have found that hardly any of them deserve to be taken 
as separate species. Most of them are, at least in the northern and 
north-western parts of Europe, merely variations caused by external 
conditions (“ Standortsmodifikationen ” of the Germans) and not 
hereditary varieties. One of the few variations of somewhat higher 
value is var. Dmmmond-Hayi B. White, which we saw on Ben Lawers. 
The seasonal variations seem not to be fixed in this genus as 
far as A. minor is concerned ; hence I take A. stenophyllus only as 
representing the late flowering individuals of A. minor sensu stricto 
(we saw it at Ballyvaghan, Co. Clare), and A. monticola only as the 
late flowering individuals of a small mountain-inhabiting A. minor , 
of which A. rusticulus is the extreme. The name A. borealis merely 
represents larger individuals of A. minor var. Dmmmond-Hayi. 
Some years ago (Botan. Notiser, 1904) 1 showed that in Great 
Britain A. major (Ehrb.) Rchhb. has only been found in Sussex, 
while the other records belong to the separate species A. apterns 
(Fr.) Ostf., easily distinguished by the wholly or nearly wingless 
seeds. It has two areas of distribution in Great Britain, one with 
Yorkshire as centre, and another in east Scotland. Its general 
area of distribution is from Great Britain through Denmark, North 
Germany, Norway and Sweden, east-ward to Finland. For several 
years I have cultivated it and found it keeping all its characteristics 
and remaining quite distinct from the true A. major. 
Euphrdsia. The British Eyebrights are not easy to keep 
separate from each other, although we have the valuable monograph 
by the late Mr. F. Townsend (Journ. of Botany, 1897). In order to 
obtain as much knowledge about them as possible I collected during 
the excursion a good many specimens (about thirty different 
numbers), and have now examined them more closely. The result 
is that, while some species are easily distinguishable, others are 
very difficult to name when using Townsend’s paper and Wettstein’s 
monograph. I think a study of the British Eyebrights on the spot 
will alter our views with regard to several of Wettstein’s species. 
As it may be of some use to know the identifications made by 
a continental botanist, of some British Euphrasias, I shall enumerate 
the species which I have collected and the localities for each of them. 
E. Rostkoviana Hayne. A few individuals of a small-flowered 
form was found at Clifden, Co. Galway, growing among members of 
E. brevipila and resembling it closely. This is hardly distinguishable 
from E. hirtella Jord. 
E. Vigursii Davey. Specimens agreeing with authentic E. 
Vigursii, presented by Dr. C. C. Vigurs, were found in Cornwall: 
Mullion Heath, near the Lizard. 
E. brevipila Burn. & Gremli. Seems to be common. Dunkeld, 
Perthshire; Cressbrook Dale, Derbyshire; Clifden, Co, Galway; 
Dog’s Bay near Roundstone, Co. Galway (low, blue-flowered 
specimens). 
E. stricta Host. Ballyvaghan, Co. Clare; both typical and 
aberrant forms. 
E. nemorosa Pers. Seems to be common in England. Silver- 
dale, Lancashire; Perranwell, Cornwall; Kingley Vale near 
Chichester, W. Sussex. 
E. cnrta, Fr. A curious, nearly unbranched, dark coloured 
heather moor plant, with leaves only slightly clothed with stiff hairs, 
