2 7 ° 
Notes on Recent Literature. 
interesting new observations on the arrangement of the antheridia, 
in which characteristic and constant differences occur between the 
different genera; he also correlates the structural and habitats of 
the various members of this interesting family, which though small 
includes forms ranging from aquatics to extreme xerophytes. 
Two interesting new genera of Jungermanniales have been 
recently described— Tnchocoleopsis (Ptilidiaceae) by Okamura (28) 
and Goebeliella (Lejeuneaceae) by Stephani (41). The genus 
Trichocoleopsis agrees with Trichocolea in having no perianth, but 
also shows affinities with Mastigopliora, Ptilidinm, and Lepidolaena 
(Polyotus ), and is an interesting link between these three genera on 
one hand and the somewhat isolated genus Trichocolea on the other. 
The genus Goebeliella is apparently allied to Frullania, but instead 
of the usual saccate lobule and stylus each leaf has a pair of similar 
lanceolate outgrowths; these may either represent a split lobule 
without a stylus, or one may be a rudimentary lobule (like that 
normally present in the genus Jnbula) and the other a well-developed 
stylus. In any case the new genus appears to the present writer 
to form an interesting transitional form between Frullania and 
jfubula ; it differs markedly from Frullania in the form of the 
perianth, which is smooth and truncated with a wide mouth. 
Buch (3), in a paper on the production of gemmae in Hepaticae 
in general, has described a case of endogenous development of 
gemmae in Haplozia ccespiticia, the details being similar to those 
described for Metzgeria by Evans [Ann. Bot., Vol. 24, 1910) and for 
Aneura by various writers. In the great majority of liverworts, the 
gemmae arise by exogenous development, cases of endogenous origin 
being known only in these three genera. The gemmae are in most 
cases small and few-celled, arising from the leaves or stem or both, 
usually in clusters, in the region of the growing-point, and their 
formation is often associated with limitation of growth, the entire 
growing-point being frequently given over to their production; but 
the production of discoid gemmae, found in a small number of 
genera (mostly epiphytic forms), rarely affects the growth of the 
plant to any marked degree. The development of these discoid 
gemmae has recently been described in detail by Stevens (42) in 
species of Coleolejeunea and Radula; by Evans (6) in species of 
Coleolejcunea, Leptocolea , and Aplianolejeunea ; and by Goebel (10) in 
a tropical epiphyllous species of Radula, in which the gemmae attain 
a remarkable size, being larger than the leaves that produced them, 
before being set free. 
Garjeanne (8) has studied in detail the infection of various leafy 
liverworts by the fungi which produce mycorhiza. In some cases 
the entrance of the fungus hyphae appears to cause thickening of 
the walls of the rhizoids, and a kind of gall may be produced by the 
swelling up of the tip of the rhizoid which becomes filled with coiled 
hyphae. The hyphae appear to belong to several distinct fungi, but 
the commonest proved, on isolation and culture, to be a new species 
of Mucor (M. rhizophilus), closely related to Mucor racemosus. In 
cultures, infection with the fungus usually caused the death of the 
plant, but in nature the fungus rarely if ever has any ill-effect and 
the association is doubtless symbiotic. Garjeanne suggests that the 
fungi filling the rhizoids may serve mechanically promoting in the 
absorption of water and salts from the substratum. 
