2 I 2 
F. Cavers. 
Symphyogyna fall into two sections, corresponding exactly to the 
“ Repentes” and “ Dendroidese ” sections of Blyttia. Among the 
creeping species, some have the margin of the wing entire ; in 
others there are marginal teeth; in others again, the wing is 
sinuately lobed ; and in some species the wing may be absent from 
one side of the midrib, though present on the other side. The 
“ Dendroid ” species have a basal creeping portion and an erect 
portion consisting of fan-like dichotomising branches, like the 
corresponding species of Blyttia. If we regard Podomitrium and 
Umbraculum as forming sections or sub-genera of the genus 
Hymenophytum, we have a striking parallelism between the three 
genera, each having flat creeping species and erect dendroid species. 
This parallelism was pointed out by Farmer in his memoir on 
Pallavicinia (Blyttia) decipiens (16). In Symphyogyna, as in Blyttia, 
the midrib is traversed by an axial strand of lignified and pitted 
cells; in some species there are two or even three of these strands 
(29). The capsule has the same structure as in Blyttia’, after being 
thrust through the thick calyptra which envelops it, the capsule 
opens by valves which remain coherent at the top. 
In the Japanese genus Makinoa, which was originally described 
by Stephani (65) as a Pellia but later recognised as an independent 
genus, and described by Miyake (51) and by Schiffner (59), the 
thallus is very similar to that of Morckia, having a wavy margin 
and filamentous ventral scales. The antheridia are collected into a 
definite receptacle, occupying a depression on the upper side of the 
thallus, and each antheridium is sunk in a chamber which is open 
above and is separated from the neighbouring chambers by a 
partition two cells thick. The archegonial group is covered by a 
lobed hood-like scale, as in Symphyogyna, and the young sporogonium 
is protected by a massive calyptra formed by outgrowth of the 
thallus tissue and bearing on its surface the unfertilised archegonia, 
as in Symphyogyna and Aneura. The ellipsoid capsule opens, as a 
rule, by two valves which may remain coherent at the top. The 
capsule-wall is two-layered, the outer cells being large and having 
thickening bands on the radial cell-walls, while the inner cells are 
narrow and thin-walled ; at the apex of the capsule there is a cap 
consisting of three or four layers of cubical cells, and to this cap 
are attached long elater-like filaments, differing from the ordinary 
free elaters in having no fibrous thickenings. 
CODONIACE;E. 
This family is distinguished from the Blyttiaceze chiefly by the 
