Anacrogynous Jangermanniales. 
215 
the tip of one of the valves of the capsule-wall; whilst the basal 
columella of Pellia splits up into long elater-like cells and forms a 
mop-like tuft which holds the spores and free elaters loosely 
together, and assists in their general dispersal. 
In Calycularia —a genus which, as Schiffner has pointed out, 
(57, 58), has generally been confused with Morckia —the thallus 
resembles that of Pellia in form, but there is a sharper distinction 
between midrib and wings, and on the lower side of the midrib 
there are developed, chiefly at the growing point, small leaves 
comparable with the ventral scales of the Marchantiales or the 
amphigastria of the Acrogynse. The archegonial group is protected 
by a series of scales, and, after fertilisation, there arises within 
these a bell-like perianth, as in Morckia. The capsule, however, 
strongly resembles that of Pellia in structure ; the wall consists of 
two layers of cells bearing fibrous thickenings, and at the base of 
the cavity there is a tuft of fixed elaters, exactly as in Pellia ; the 
ripe capsule opens by a varying number of valves. 
Noteroclada (Androcryphia )* is also closely allied to Pellia , but 
here the plant-body is differentiated into stem and leaves, the 
latter being nearly semi-circular and inserted by a broad base on 
the cylindrical stem. The growing-point has a three-sided apical 
cell; each lateral segment gives rise to a leaf, whose insertion is 
at first transverse to the long axis of the stem, but later becomes 
shifted so as to be horizontal, and eventually the anterior edge of 
the leaf lies below the posterior edge of the leaf in front (succubous 
leaf-arrangement); from each ventral segment there grow out four 
mucilage-hairs, representing a ventral scale or amphigastrium. The 
leaves are one cell thick, except at the base, where there are several 
layers of cells. Apart from the different form of the apical cell 
and the different organisation of the vegetative organs, Noteroclada 
is clearly related to Pellia ; each antheridium is sunk in a cavity of 
its own, and the capsule agrees very closely with that of Pellia — 
there is a basal tuft-like elaterophore, and the spores begin to 
germinate and become multicellular before the dehiscence of the 
capsule, which takes place by four valves. This premature ger¬ 
mination of the spores, however, occurs in several unrelated 
Hepatics, e.g. Fegatclla and Dendroceros. In Noteroclada thearche- 
gonia are not sunk in a cavity, as in Pellia , but arise from the 
1 Professor Goebel, in a recent letter to the writer, announces 
that he has been fortunate enough to obtain living material 
of this interesting and rare type, and that its structure and 
development are under investigation at Munich. 
