220 
F. Cavers. 
and when growth is resumed the first-formed portion of the new* 
shoot consists of stem only, but later the leaves appear and the 
stem expands laterally to form the broad wing which carries the 
leaves (laminae) on its upper side. The antheridia are developed in 
a group behind the apex and are protected by small scales. The 
archegonial group becomes surrounded by an envelope formed in 
the same way as in Fossombronia, and in the structure and 
dehiscence of the capsule Petalophyllum closely resembles that genus. 
Treubia insignis, a very beautiful plant discovered by Goebel in 
Java (20) and later in New Zealand (26), is the largest of the 
dorsiventral leafy Anacrogynm, and shows the mostly highly dif- 
fentiated leaves. The apical cell is three-sided, as in Noterocladn 
and Petalophyllum, and the leaves, at first inserted transversely 
on the stem, eventually become oblique, the insertion of each 
leaf sloping downwards and forwards (succubous). At the front 
of each leaf, on its upper side, there is a small lobe or scale 
which projects inwards over the upper surface of the stem and 
forwards beyond the insertion of the leaf (Goebel’s “ Organo¬ 
graphy,” Figs. 165 and 166). The antheridia and archegonia are 
developed on the sides of the stem and are protected by the scales 
of the leaves. There is no perianth, but the developing sporo- 
gonium is protected by a thick calyptra, which, as in Aneura , is 
formed from the stem tissue around the archegonial group. The 
spherical capsule dehisces by four valves; the wall consists of three 
or four layers of cells, the outer cells being large and flattened and 
devoid of thickenings, while those of the inner layers have numerous 
half-ring fibres, or, in some cases, a spiral fibre; at the base of the 
capsule there are a few fixed elater-like elongated cells, representing 
a rudimentary elaterophore. 
Galobryace^. 
This family, consisting of the two genera Haplomitrium and 
Calobryum is one of the most remarkable and interesting among 
the Bryophyta. The former genus has a single species ( H . Iiookeri) 
apparently confined to Europe (27, 34, 46, 52); Calobryum has 
three species, found in Java and New Guinea, in Japan, and in 
South America respectively (17, 21, 54, 66). 
The Calobryaceae differ considerably in vegetative structure 
from all other Hepaticze. The plant consists of a branching under¬ 
ground rhizome-like portion, without rhizoids; from this leafless 
rhizome there spring erect leafy shoots, each growing by a three- 
