288 
F. Cavers. 
In the remaining Acrogynre, the elaters and spores never show 
the same relation to each other as in the Lejeuneaceae, and frequently 
they are mingled quite irregularly. In many cases, however, they 
show a tendency to radiate from the base when the capsule is 
spherical, and to be arranged more or less horizontally around a 
central longitudinal axis when the capsule is oblong in form. In 
Lepicolea, most of the elaters are of the normal bi-spiral type and 
mingled with the spores, but from the base of the capsule there 
springs a tuft of much larger fixed elaters having a single spiral 
fibre; this exactly corresponds to the elaterophore of Pellia in both 
Fig. 54. Frullania dilatata. End of a female branch (dorsal view) with 
capsule, which has exploded and shed the spores, after having (by the elongation 
of the seta), broken out of the calyptra and the perianth. The calyptra, 
bearing the withered archegonium-neck, can be seen inside the perianth ; the 
tubercles on the outer surface of the perianth are plainly shown on either side. 
position and structure. Goebel (33) has recently shown that in 
Gottschea splanchnophylla there is a well-developed rod-like basal 
columella or elaterophore, corresponding in structure with the apical 
elaterophore of Aneura and Metzgeria, but resembling in position the 
basal tuft of fixed elaters in Pellia. With very few exceptions, the 
