The Ecology of the Driva Valley. 361 
glauca (20), Salix reticulata (8), Paniassia palustris (8), Phaca 
frigida (5), Artemisia norvegica (3), Seduin Rhodiola (2), Cystopteris 
fragilis (2), Campanula rotundifolia (2), funcus trifidus (2), and 
numerous other widely scattered individuals of Bartsia alpina, Silene 
acaulis, Juncus castaneus, Potentilla Crantzii, Polygonum viviparum, 
Pinguicula vulgaris, Festuca rubra, Luzula congesta, Astragalus 
Oroboides, Galium boreale, Antennaira dioica, and a number of 
other phanerogams. The principal mosses were Hylocomium 
proliferum, large patches of Hypnum rugosum, and a variety of 
Dicranum fuscescens. The lichens on the barer places were 
Stereocaulon tomentosum, Platysma nivale, Cladonia rangiferina, C. 
sylvatica var. alpestris, C. furcata, Gyrophora polyrhiza, G. hyper- 
borea, Parmelia exasperata, and Platysma Fahluuense. Nephromium 
arcticum and Peltidea aphthosa occurred in the shade, Peltidea venosa 
was in fine fruit on the moister rocks, and Cetraria hiascens was 
practically the sole occupant of the small depressions. 
5.— Colonisation of the Old Road. 
Certain parts of the old road were entirely discarded some 
thirty years ago when the new highway was constructed, and they 
afford an interesting example of colonisation by surrounding plants. 
In greatest quantity were Euphrasia officinalis, Juncus arcticus , 
and Festuca rubra, the latter giving, in places, a red coloration 
visible distinctly at a distance of a quarter-of-a-mile. Poa alpina, 
P. glauca and a variety of Luzula campestris were not uncommon, 
while Pinguicula vulgaris was abundant in places. Other scattered 
plants were Lychnis alpina, Erigeron uniflorus, Parnassia palustris, 
Alsine rubella. Sagina nivalis, Astragalus alpinus and Campanula 
rotundifolia. 
Creeping in from the edges were Tofieldia palustris, the brush- 
form of Equisetum arvense, and the various alpine willows. 
Seedling willows were of frequent occurrence on this old road. 
When the road passed between rocks, Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi and 
A. alpina had extended well over it, while in some of the higher 
parts Antennaria dioica, A. alpina, Juncus trifidus, and Diapensia 
lapponica occurred in abundance. Small areas were entirely occupied 
by a small form of Carex incurva, and Botrychium Lunaria was not 
at all uncommon. 
Some old dead rhizomes of Juncus arcticus were completely 
covered with Stereocaulon condensatum. 
