373 
The Ecology of the Driva Valley. 
scorpioides. Some parts of this bog were occupied by Carex 
vaginata, C. pulla, C. limosa, and an alpine form of C. Goodenoughii, 
others by C. dioica, C. polygamum, C. microglochin and C. capitata , 
while Eriophorum alpinum was frequent in small patches. In the 
stream were quantities of Carex aquatilis var. spJiagnicola and 
Hippuris vulgaris , and some of the small bog-pools contained the 
minute form of Utricularia minor previously mentioned as having 
been found near Hjerkin (consult Fig. 26). 
It should be mentioned that although Rubus Chamcemorus 
abounds in most parts of Norway, it was a scarce plant in this part 
of the Dovrefjeld. Probably the climate is too cold and the edaphic 
conditions are not suitable except in very small areas. Calluna 
vulgaris is very rare, and Erica cinerea and E. Tetralix are entirely 
absent. Andromeda polifolia was not frequent, and Vaccinium 
Oxycoccus was decidedly uncommon. 
The scarcity of Sphagna should again be emphasized, as they 
were very uncommon even in those places where one is accus¬ 
tomed to find them in great quantity in Britain, the boggy areas 
being occupied very largely by Hypnum sarmentosum, often 
associated with Paludella squarrosa. In one rather extensive 
marshy area tall specimens of Catascopium nigritum occurred in 
dense masses dominating the whole area. 
Hepaticae are by no means frequent in this district, probably 
owing to the lack of sufficient warmth and atmospheric humidity in 
the growing season, and to the length of the cold winter. 
The rainfall is low, the average for the district, as kindly 
supplied to us, with other data, by Mr. Sigurd Holaker, the pro¬ 
prietor of the Kongsvold station, is about 350 mm. (13-77 inches). 
The average temperature is 0-8"C. The average winter 
temperature is about—25°C. The snow lies on the ground from 
six to seven months. The latitude is 62°22'N. The station at 
the bottom of the valley is at an elevation of 2983 feet, and the 
height of Knutsho (less than three miles distant on the map) is 
5602 feet. 
On this journey we were accompanied by Mr. and Mrs. Ewing 
of Glasgow, to both of whom we would express our grateful thanks, 
not only for their esteemed companionship, but for the valuable 
information they were able to give us concerning the flora of the 
district, which they had previously visited several times. This 
information greatly facilitated the accumulation of the necessary 
data for this paper, and made it possible to accomplish con- 
