of the season. If the rain-fall has been plentiful during 
summer, with a close humid atmosphere, the sheep can be, 
and are, infected soon after midsummer, or if the autumn and 
early winter months are open and free from frost, the contam¬ 
ination may take place even in November. This latter period 
is most observed in Fell sheep when brought down from high¬ 
land pastures to the low lying grounds, but once frost sets in, 
all danger of infection is past, but those animals which have 
had the misfortune to be placed on unsound pastures must 
sooner or later show 
SYMPTOMS 
of the contamination, though like all other parasitic diseases 
„ little or nothing is observed during the earlier period, when 
the creatures are small and undergoing preparatory change 
as tfre}^ pass through the stomachs oh their way to be located 
in the bile-ducts of the liver, which occupies from six to ten 
weeks or even more in the latter 'part of the summer and 
autumn months. On reaching their destination, they grow 
in size and stimulate the liver into increased action, which 
ultimately impairs its functions, and implicates all the other 
organs of the body, when the animals begin to show T signs of 
prostration. The face has a sharp, cold, pinched, dull 
appearance. The eye loses its brightness and on turning up 
the lid instead of the fine healthy red streaks, we find pale 
yellow strings. The w T ool is of a dry, harsh, dirty, cold, blue 
colour. It is also clapped close to the body and comes out almost 
on the slightest touch, the belly is tucked up and the animal 
has lost that bulky buoyant appearance, seems unhealthy, and 
altogether languid and dejected. The skin is dry and scaly, 
the mucous membrane is of an unnatural paleness, the flesh 
