86 
Edith Chick on Torreya Myristica. 
The Epicotyl is clothed at first with scales having a ? phyllotaxy, 
and these, as one ascends, pass over into foliage leaves having the 
same arrangement. 
There is a strong primary tap root which bears many laterals. 
Anatomy of the Root. 
The main root and laterals are alike diarch. 
The protoxylem elements are separated from the metaxylem 
plate of primary xylem, and from each other, by large parenchyma 
cells with contents (PI. viii., fig. 5). In each seedling there was a 
good deal of secondary wood formed. 
The secondary phloem is remarkable only for its very large 
fibres, in the walls of which crystals of calcium oxalate are im¬ 
bedded. The number of these fibres become fewer as the transition 
region is approached. 
The pericycle is many-layered, and the outermost layer divides 
tangentially to form a periderm. There is in the cortex the same 
layer of cells with huge lenticular thickenings which is found in a 
similar position in Taxus. These are seen in longitudinal section 
to be due to a continuous strap of thickening running round the 
radial and horizontal walls of the cells of this layer, and with a 
lenticular transverse section. Within this is the true endodermis 
with typical dots on the radial walls in transverse section ; a much 
less striking feature than the “ false endodermis.” 
Transition Region. 
The whole passage from typical root-structure to the cotyledon- 
node occupies 3 mm. in one, and 5 mm. in the other of the two 
cases in which the passage was followed. At the base of this 
region we have typical root structure and no secondary xylem in 
the positions outside the protoxylems. These consist at this level 
of about a dozen elements each, much smaller than those of the 
metaxylem; outside these are a few parenchyma cells, and outside 
these again a cambium is beginning (PI. viii., figs. 5 and 6.). The 
protoxylem elements, which below were attached to the metaxylem 
plate, move outwards one by one, and are obliterated among the 
parenchyma cells within the cambium (Fig. 5.). 
The first sign of approaching stem structure is found in the 
appearance of a central pith and the breaking up of the root 
plate, and portions of this primary root xylem are close up against 
the ring of secondary (Fig. 7.). The two largest of these patches 
