Asexual Reproduction in Hepaticae. 
is capable of regenerating the entire plant, provided that it retains 
its living protoplasmic contents and is exposed to favourable 
conditions. As already stated, naturally-occuring adventive out¬ 
growths have been observed on the female receptacles of Marchantia 
and Dumorticra , but such intances of regeneration in the specialised 
sexual shoots of the Marchantioideae are extremely rare in nature, 
though the formation of adventive shoots is readily induced when 
the antheridiophores or archegoniophores, or portions of these, are 
severed from the rest of the plant and kept under cultivation- 
Schostakowitsch 1 has confirmed and extended the observations of 
Vochting. He obtained adventive growths from cultures of excised 
portions of the thallus in Riccia crystallina , Ricciella Jluitans, 
Ricciocavpus natans, Corsinia marchantioides, Fegatella conica , 
Preissia coinniutata, and Anthoccros laevis , also from isolated leaves 
or leaf-fragments in Haplo’iiitrium Hookeri, Plagiochila asplenioides, 
Lophocolca bidcntata , Chiloscyphus polyanthus , Lophozia Mullen , 
Porella platyphylla, Frullania dilatata, and Lejeunea serpy Hi folia. 
To the cases observed by the writers mentioned, the writer can add 
the following, in which adventive shoots were formed as the result of 
cultivating severed thallus-or leaf-fragments on damp sand or 
filter-paper:— Riccia gl-auca , Reboulia heniispherica, Aneura multifida* 
A. pinnatifida, A. latifrons, A. pinguis, Pellia epiphylla, P. calycina , 
Monoclea Forsteri, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Lepidozia reptans , Scapania 
undulata , 5. nemorosa , Diplopliyllum albicans , Radula complanata. 
In Riccia and Reboulia , the new shoots were found to arise from the 
dorsal chlorophyll-hearing tissue as well as from the ventral 
colourless tissue of the thallus-fragments. This was found by 
Schostakowitsch to he the case in Corsinia, though he states that in 
Riccia crystallina the new growths proceeded only from the ventral 
surface of the midrib. 
In addition to the important generalisation proposed by 
Vochting, namely, that in practically every living cell of the 
Liverwort-gametophyte there resides a latent capacity for regene¬ 
rating the entire shoot, some other interesting results have been 
arrived at by the observations of Goebel and Schostakowitsch. 
Goebel- has shown that, at any rate in the Jungermanniales, the 
1 Schostakowitsch, W., Ueber die Reproductioiis-uml Regene- 
rationsersclieinuugen bei den Rebermoose. Flora, 1894 
(Erg.-Bd.), pp. 350-384- 
2 Goebel, K., Ueber die Jugendzustaude der Pflanzen. Flora, 
1889, p. 15; Ueber die Jugendformen von Pflanzen und 
deren kunstliche Wiederliervorrufung. Sitz.-Ber. d. Kais. 
Bayer. Akad , 1897. 
