18 James Small. 
of florets in the capitulum. Madia sativa usually has about 25 disc 
florets and 10 ray florets. Madia dissitiflora usually has 3-6 disc 
florets and 5-8 ray florets. Specimens of these two species were 
grown in pots in 1916 at Newcastle and both showed only two or 
three disc florets and two to four ray florets. A similar phenomenon 
is recorded in Authemis Cotula (3), where the disc florets were 
entirely absent and from 6-20 ray florets, arranged in the “ double ” 
fashion, remained. Fasciated capitula are common, see Worsdell 
(97), Bailey (4), Bruckman(ll) and Palibine (66a). 
Two very curious anomalies are the common, if not constant, 
occurrence of loose florets on the root stocks of Catananche lutea, 
which is recorded by Daydon Jackson (42), and the so-called super¬ 
numerary petals recorded by De Candolle (15). 
Anomalous Bilabiate Florets. One of the earliest indications of 
this anomaly is the description of the four-toothed corolla of Erigeron 
humile by Graham (34). Eichler figures (30, p. 286) a bilabiate 
corolla in Xeranthemum annuum. Giard (33, Plate I, Fig. 2) figures 
a few bilabiate neuter ray florets in Pulicaria dysenterica. 
Celakowsky (17, and see Worsdell, 97, Plate 39) figures a similar 
structure in Authemis austriaca. Uexkiill-Gyllenband (85) figures a 
two-lipped corolla in Psiadia glutinosa, Heterothahmms brunioides, 
Xeranthemum annuum, Erigeron alpinus, Centaurea jfacea , (see Fig. 
4, Chap. II), also in Denekia capensis and Petasites spp. Wettstein 
(91, p. 468) figures the same phenomenon in Plagiocheilus pedun- 
cularis. Trow (84, p. 274) figures an irregularly bilabiate corolla in 
Senecio vulgaris. Hoffman (38), in addition to several of the above, 
figures a bilabiate corolla in Grangea maderaspatana. Other 
examples are Helenium autumnale (Fig. 9, 9) and Chrysanthemum 
Leucanthemum (see Traverso, 82). The writer has figured bilabiate 
forms in Calendula and Dimorphotheca (77, see Fig. 9, 10-11). The 
reduced corolla of the honey flowers in Leontopodium alpinum 
recorded by Uexkiill-Gyllenband (Fig. 4, Chap. II) were first 
mentioned by Schroter (73). Muller (61a) and Boeuf (7a) record 
cases of polymorphism with changes in the size of the corollas of 
the outer florets. 
Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum , var. tubulifera. Dickson (26) 
exhibited specimens of this anomaly, where the ray florets are 
tubular as is frequently the case in Helenium autumnale , at the 
British Association.in 1874. Stevens (80) in 1907,and Traverso (82) in 
1911 figured various other irregularities, in the rays of this species. 
