24 Janies Small. 
other four down to the base of the limb, thus giving a bilabiate corolla 
(Pig. 10, E). Throughout the tribe there are many filiform corollas 
with the apex bi-dentate or bi-fid; this is another modification of 
the bilabiate corolla. 
The outer florets in the Cynareae show various bilabiate forms, 
as in Centaurea (see Fig. 4, Chap. II). In Xeranthemum (Fig. 4) 
and Siebera (Fig. 10, N) the corolla of the female florets is constantly 
bilabiate with the anterior lip entire or 2-dentate and the posterior 
lip dividedin two. 
The predominance of the bilabiate corollas in the Mutisieae 
has already been noticed. In Barnadesia (Fig. 9, 14) all or only 
the exterior florets show a 4 + 1 type of bilabiate corolla. In 
the Onoseridinae the bilabiate corolla as a rule occurs only in 
the 1-3-seriate ray florets, but in Mutisia, the largest genus, 
the condition sometimes extends to the disc florets also (Fig. 
10, O-P). The anterior lip has 2-3 lobes or is entire (Erythro- 
cephalum) and the posterior lip has two lobes (Fig. 10, Q). The 
capitulum in the Gochnatiinae is homogeneous as a rule, but in 
Sens and Ainslieea an inequality in the length of the laciniae of the 
corolla makes it sub-bilabiate. The Gerberinae show great variety 
in the structure of the two lips. All the florets in the capitulum are 
usually bilabiate, the anterior being entire or 1-4-lobed and the 
posterior lip entire, two-lobed or absent. The entire posterior lip 
is due to the fusion of the two lobes or more frequently to the 
development of one of the posterior petals with the anterior lip to 
give a 4 + 1 combination, Fig. 9, 14-15, instead of the usual 3 + 2, 
Fig. 9, 12-13. The complete abortion of the posterior lip makes 
the ray floret an ordinary one. In the monotypic genus, Catamixis, 
all five petals are fused and the split is posterior so that something 
like a ligulate corolla results (Fig. 10, H), but this is just one more 
variation in the manner of splitting and cannot be taken as an 
intermediate type leading to the Cichorieae. In the Nassauviinae 
all the florets in the capitulum are bilabiate, usually with the 3 + 2 
combination (Fig. 10, D), but the anterior lip is entire in Oxyphyllum 
and various other genera show combinations and fusions of the 
lobes such as 4 + 1, 3 + 1,2+ 1,2 + 2 and 1 + 1. 
All these variations prove that the corolla in the Mutisieae is in 
a very mutable condition and, in spite of the explosive irritability 
discussed in Chap. Ill, it is possible that the Mutisieae is not a 
natural group but a collection of bilabiate forms with the addition 
of the genera of the Gochnatiinae, which are scarcely to be 
