26 
James Small. 
This filiform type is clearly another modification of the basal 
type, the tubular campanulate corolla. It is frequently only 2- or 
3-lobed at the apex and is, therefore, considered to be derived from 
the basal type through the bilabiate type by an elongation of the 
tube and reduction in the lips. This accounts for its femaleness and 
its position near the margin of the capitulum and also for the 
transitional stages where the outer florets are bilabiate and some of 
the inner florets filiform. 
Analysis of the Corolla Forms. 
The occurrence of these various types throughout the family 
may be briefly summarised thus :— 
Senecioneae—Tubular, bilabiate with the posterior lip developed 
sometimes, filiform in Homogyne and palmate in 
anomalous cases. 
Cichorieae—Ligulate. 
Calenduleae—Tubular and bilabiate with the posterior lip developed 
sometimes. 
Arctotidese—ditto. 
Anthemideae—ditto, and sub-palmate in anomalous cases. 
Inuleae—Tubular, bilabiate with the posterior lip developed 
sometimes, and filiform in the Tarchonanthinae, 
Plucheinae, Filagininae, Gnaphaliinae and Angianthinae. 
Cynareae—Tubular, bilabiate with the posterior lip developed 
sometimes, and sub-palmate in a number of genera. 
Mutisieae—Tubular, bilabiate with the posterior lip developed 
frequently, and sub-palmate in a number of genera. 
Vernonieae—Tubular, palmate in Stokesia and sub-palmate in 
Elephantopus. 
Astereae—Tubular, bilabiate with the posterior lip developed 
sometimes, filiform in the Conyzinae, Baccharidinae 
and a few other genera, and sub-palmate in several 
others. 
Eupatorieae—T ubular. 
Heliantheae—Tubular, bilabiate with the posterior lip developed 
sometimes, and sub-palmate in Chromolepis. 
Helenieae—Tubular, bilabilate with the posterior lip developed 
sometimes, especially in the Heleniinae, and sub- 
* palmate in several genera. 
Reduction in the Corolla. 
The idea that the filiform corolla is derived from the bilabiate 
