3i 
Origin and Development of the Composite. 
in the disc of Gazania and purple in the rays of that genus and 
Gorteria. In the Gundeliinae there is no yellow, only purple or 
violet, so that in the colour of the corolla we find confirmation of 
the evolution of these sub-tribes as given in Fig. 7, Chap. II. 
Anthemidecc —Yellow is the predominant disc colour but white is 
common as a ray colour, and pink, red, purple and violet occur also. 
Yellow is more predominant in the Chrysanthemidinae than in the 
Anthemidinae, so that here we get the first indication of the relative 
position of these two sub-tribes. 
Inulece —Yellow is the predominant colour for both disc and 
ray, higher colours, where they occur, frequently invade the disc. 
The relative positions of the Helichryseae and Eu-gnaphalieae are 
confirmed by the occurrence of white and purple in several genera 
of the latter, while purple is absent and white rare in the former. 
Blue occurs in Printzia , one of the Inulinae. Yellow, orange and 
white are the only colours in the Buphthalminae, the only point in 
which the colour of the corolla does not confirm the arrangement 
of these sub-tribes in Fig. 7, but see below. Yellow is dominant 
in the other sub-tribes but higher colours up to purple occur 
occasionally. 
Cynarece —Purples and blues are characteristic, a dingy yellow 
occurs in Carlitta and Atractylis in the Carlininse, white and blue in 
Echinops; a distinct yellow occurs rarely in Cardans in the 
Carduinae. These are the higher sub-tribes and in the Centaureinae 
yellow occurs in Centaurea, Carbenia and Carthamnics, orange in 
the latter and in Zoegea. Yellow and orange are, therefore, 
comparatively well-developed in the sub-tribes placed at the base 
of the Cynareae in Fig. 7. This fact and the predominance of 
yellow in the Buphthalminae are mutually explanatory in view of 
the derivation of the Centaureinae from the latter sub-tribe. 
Mutisiece —The basal sub-tribe, Nassauviinae, shows yellow 
commonly in three of the chief genera, Trixis , Nassauvia and 
Jungia, where it is associated with the lowest type of stamen in 
the sub-tribe. The other genera range from yellow to blue, the 
latter being rare, white, pink and purple'commoner. The Gerberinae 
and Gochnatiinae show a similar condition with blue absent, while 
yellow occurs only in Mutisia in the Onoseridinae. The last sub¬ 
tribe might, therefore, be regarded as a side group with, perhaps 
the exception of Mutisia , where the yellow is associated with type 
IV styles and type 11 stamens. Mutisia would thus lead on to the 
Gerberinae, giving the other genera of the Onoseridinae as a special 
