180 W. Neilson Jones. 
Also, by the “ sex ” of a. plant is understood the kind of spores it 
produces—spermatozoid and egg-cell differences being distinguished 
from the above sex (sporophytic) differences as differences of 
“ gender.” 
The same distinctions may be drawn with respect to the 
animal kingdom, the only difference being that the vegetative 
phase of the gametophyte is entirely suppressed from the life 
cycle. For this reason it is convenient to confine the discussion 
which follows as far as possible to plants, as representing the more 
general case. The same arguments may be applied, however, to 
animals. 
Summarising, the sporophytes differ in “sex,” while the 
gametes differ in “ gender ” : the sporophytes are of the “ male ” 
(microspore-producing) sex or of the “ female ” (megaspore- 
producing) sex, while the gametes are of the “ androplasmic ” 
(“active”) or “ gynoplasmic ” (“passive”) gender—male and 
female being terms employed only in reference to the sporophyte. 
These special and restricted uses of terms will be adhered to 
throughout the remainder of this article. Under this scheme the 
higher animals differ in “ sex ” (being male or female) in accordance 
with ordinary practice . 1 
Having made this distinction clear, one is now in a position to 
proceed further. 
A large amount of breeding work has shewn that somatic 
(sporophytic) character factors may be carried indifferently by 
either androplasamic or gynoplasmic gametes and that a somatic 
character factor which entered the sporophyte with the andro¬ 
plasmic gamete may be carried by a gynoplasmic gamete when the 
time comes for the individual to produce reproductive cells. 
Hence it would appear that somatic character-factors may 
segregate without reference to the differentiation of the androplasmic 
1 The Editor has reminded me of Strasburger’s theory of “ kinoplasm ” 
and “ trophoplasm ” put forward in 1892 (Histol, Beitr., IV). It will be re¬ 
membered that kinoplasm is the active “ moving ” element specially sensitive 
to external stimuli, while trophoplasm is the food making element. The resting 
cell consists of both kinoplasm and trophoplasm, the former being localised 
chiefly in the “ tonoplast ’’ : in the dividing cell the kinoplasm becomes 
evident in the karyokinetic spindle. The cilia of a zoospore and the 
“ mundstelle ” to which they are attached consists of kinoplasm, and the 
body of a spermatozoid, which is a reduced zoospore, consists mainly or 
entirely of kinoplasm, the reduction affecting the trophoplasm alone. The 
similarity with the “ androplasm ” and “gynoplasm” proposed in the present 
article had not occurred to me previously, but the resembkuice is certainly 
striking, although Strasburger was concerned with general protoplasmic 
activities and not with reproductive phenomena when he postulated two kinds 
of protoplasm. It would seem very probable that the “ kinoplasm-tropho- 
plasm ” and “ androplasm-gynoplasm’’conceptions are different aspects of 
the same thing. 
