4 8 
M. G. Sykes. 
(v.) Clavatn. The protective outgrowth is not well developed 
in L. clavatum, and the stalk of the sporangium of this species is 
simple in structure, being formed only of short parenchymatous 
cells which are slightly lignified at the corners (PI. II., Fig. 7). The 
sporangium has a very large archesporial pad 1 ; there is no mucilage 
cavity in the sporophyll (Text-fig. 7, IX.) 
In the sporophylls of L. alpinum, the protective flap is better 
developed (PI. II., Figs. 8a, b), and the peltate form of the sporophyll 
is more pronounced. The cells of the sporangium pedicel are 
elongated and have more strongly lignified walls. The sporophylls 
of L. complanatum are extremely like those of L. alpinum. In 
neither species is there any connection between the lignified cells 
in the sporangium pedicel and those of the sporophyll bundle. 2 
The sporangium dehisces by a slit which is nearly apical in 
L. clavatum but more displaced onto the abaxial side in the other 
two species. 3 
The sporophyll trace of L. complanatum differs from that of all 
the other species examined (PI. II., Fig. 9). It arises in the usual 
manner from the axial stele and pursues an obliquely upward course, 
but this course is continued above the level of the sporophyll base 
and the trace then bends sharply downwards to enter the sporophyll. 
This curious behaviour is strikingly similar to that of the sporangium 
trace in Calamostachys 4 and Palczostachya 5 , but it has no analogy 
among the Lycopods, except perhaps in the trace of L. clavatum, 
which makes a much rounded curve before it enters the sporophyll. 
(iv.) Cernua. The sporophylls of L. laterale (Text-fig. 7, X.) 
closely resemble those of L. alpinum ; the lignification in the 
sporangium stalk is even more strongly pronounced. 
The most highly developed cones and sporophylls are those of 
L. cernuum. In this species a groove is present on the under surface 
of the stalk of each sporophyll, and into this groove (PI. II., Fig. 9b g.), 
fits the sporangium borne on the sporophyll immediately below. 
Obviously, this arrangement, combined with the dorsal flap (f), affords 
highly efficient protection to the sporangium (see Text-fig. 8, XI.) and 
1 Bower, 1894 ; p. 518. Note —A similar “ pad ” was found in an 
unnamed species which I could not identify but which 
apparently belonged to the Phlegmaria group. 
s Bower noted that in L. alpinum there is a slight upward 
extension of the sporophyll trace towards the sporangium, 
1894, p. 522. 
3 cf. Engler and Prantl, Teil I., Abt. 3, Fig. 378d. 
Renault, 1896, p. 130, PI. LX., Figs. 3-8. 
6 Hickling, 1907. Scott, 1907, pp. 159, 165, 
