254 Vegetation Committee's Excursion to Ireland. 
type of country, that lying between Roundstone and Clifden, and 
bounded on the south by the hill Errisbeg and the coast, and on the 
north-west by the mountain mass known as “ the Twelve Pins” (or 
Beinns). An afternoon was devoted to the dunes of the coast, and 
a morning to the ascent of the southernmost “ Pin,” Ben Lettery. 
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation. 
The peaty waters of the loughs contain Lobelia Dortmanna, 
Subularia aquatica, Isoetes lacustris and Pilularia globulifera, among 
completely submerged plants, as well as Potamogeton natans and 
Eriocaulon septangulare, which is also abundant in shallow roadside 
pools. These plants grow in very open association towards the 
gravelly margins of the loughs, under two to eight feet of water. 
Eriocaulon and Lobelia in sheltered inlets reached a length of three 
feet. One of the loughs near the sea, south-west of Roundstone, 
holds Naias flexilis, but the height of the water made it impossible 
to obtain specimens. 
Reed-sivamp Vegetation. 
The margins of a few of the loughs showed a narrow reed-swamp 
of Phragmites communis and Cladium Mariscus, but this association 
was poorly represented in the area. There were, however, here 
and there small tracts of bog in which Cladium and Phragmites 
were abundant, no doubt representing the sites of small lakes 
obliterated by vegetation. 
Flat Bog or “ Flachmoor ” Type. 
The bog itself, of the type known to the Germans as “ Flachmoor,” 
was in the wetter parts dominated by Rhynchospora alba 1 ; R. fusca 
also occurs, but is rare and isolated. Schcenus nigricans was sub¬ 
dominant in this type of bog, species of Sphagnum were locally sub¬ 
dominant, while Drosera rotundifolia, D. anglica, and D. intermedia, 
Myrica Gale, Narthecium ossifragum, Menyanthes trifoliata, Erica 
Tetralix, Eriophorum vaginatum and E. angustifolium, with the 
Cladium and Phragmites already referred to, were freely associated, 
Calluna occurred quite locally in the bog. Hummocks of Racomitrium 
and Leucobryum, with Sphagnum (“ Hochmoor’’-type) occurred in 
places. 
A slightly drier type of bog was dominated by Molinia ccerulea 
var. depauperata, forming characteristic tussocks. This variety is 
much smaller than the type and has only one spikelet to each branch 
of the inflorescence. The other elements of this kind of bog (which 
.s more extensive than the Rhynchospora-type) included more of the 
heaths (Calluna and E. Tetralix), though these still occurred only as 
isolated plants. This drier type of bog shades off into the 
Rhynchospora- type and apparently represents a further stage in 
land-formation. Round the lake of Craigga Moor, Erica Tetralix 
1 The “ Flachmoor ” of the Sihlthal near Einsiedeln, Switzerland, 
visited by one of the party in July, was similarly partly 
dominated by this species, with many of the same associates. 
