172 
James Small. 
somewhat reduced by the limitation in the number of tribes 
examined. 
Wernham, 1913, 
In his account of floral evolution in the Sympetalse Wern¬ 
ham (88) does not consider groups below the rank of family 
but he supports the view that the Compositse have arisen from the 
Campanulaceze, an affinity which was recognised early in the history 
of the two families. The most important of Wernham’s contribu¬ 
tions is contained in the section on the determination of plant 
affinities in his “ Summary and Conclusion ” to which reference will 
be made later. 
Dufour, 1907, and Lebard, 1913. 
These two investigators (26 and 53) laid considerable stress 
upon the form of the cotyledons in the Cichorieae, and Dufour 
proposed that the tribe should be divided on this character into 
two subtribes, the Brachycotylees (type Lactuca with short, broad 
cotyledons) and the Leptocotylees (type Scorzonera with long, narrow 
cotyledons). Dufour’s work was carried further by Lebard, who 
distinguishes a form of cotyledon intermediate between the short 
and the long forms and gives a phylogenetic diagram shown in 
Table IV. 
Table IV. 
Lebard's phylogenetic scheme of the Cichoriece. 
TUBULIFL 0 RE 5 
TUBULIFL 9 RE 5 
$m 2 omioks 
Scorzodera 
PODOSPEAMUM 
TrAGOPOGON 
f 
LEOMTODMiDEES 
Leomtooom 
Thainc /a 
Hypo ch/eris 
^coLynus 
P/cr/5 
CwOMDRilLA 
CiCHORiDEES 1 
C'lCHORiuM 
PH/E rtOPUS 
,» 
Lactuca 
k MELMinTH/A 
Soncnu S lAMPSArtA 
>-—-• 
mniriTHJEES 
T,AR/1X>ACEE5 LAMP5AhEE5 
