202 
James Small. 
and the artificial germination of the pollen grains still presents 
difficulty. Ostenfeld (55) stated that “ no one has been able to 
germinate the pollen grains of any Composite in artificial cul¬ 
ture,” but two yeai’s later Tokugawa (66) germinated the pollen of 
various Composites on the stigmas of plants belonging to other 
families, for instance the pollen of Taraxacum albiflorus and 
Matricaria Chamomilla germinated on the stigma of Yucca gloriosa 
and that of Dahlia variahilis on the stigma of Abelmoschus Manihot 
and Hibiscus mutabilis. 
B. Styles of the Composite. 
The general type in the family is a slender style with two 
branches which are stigmatic on the inner surfaces. The style and 
style branches may he hairy or papillose or glabrous externally; 
style branches have appendages of various types, and the hairs of 
these appendages are arranged so that they either push or pull the 
pollen out of the anther tube; the stigmatic papillae are conspicuous 
and arranged along the margins of the inner surfaces of the style 
branches, or they are less conspicuous and arranged either margin¬ 
ally or all over the inner surfaces. The vascular supply of the style is 
composed usually of two strands given off from a regron of anasto¬ 
moses at the top of the ovary; where the style is thick and 
practically undivided there are sometimes four vascular strands, 
as in Arctotis and Tussilago (63). The style in some genera is 
sensitive to touch (see Chap. III). 
Types of Style. 
The numerous variations can be reduced to fourteen types 
which will now be described. 
Type I. Style branches slender, subterete or slightly flattened, 
papillose or glabrous externally; stigmatic papilla all over inner 
surface from base to apex (Fig. 5, I). 
Type II. Style branches elongated or short, subterete below, 
thickened and club-shaped or flattened and obtuse above, papillose 
or glabrous externally; stigmatic papilla marginal and incon¬ 
spicuous, confined to the lower part of the style branches. (Fig. 
5, II and I la). The upper sterile portions of the style branches 
are appendages. 
Type III. Style branches elongated, subterete, subulate, more 
or less acute at the apex, hairy externally ; stigmatic papilla incon¬ 
spicuous, extending in the centre of the inner surfaces of the style 
branches usually from the base to near the apex, but sometimes by 
