2 1 2 
James Small. 
A predominance of type 5 in the Vernonieae is combined with 
a proportion of higher forms ; 
A predominance of type 3 in the Eupatoriese is combined with 
the occurrence of a few genera of Type 2, and an exclusive pre¬ 
dominance of type 1 in the Piquerinae : 
A predominance of type 3 in the Astereae is associated with a 
proportion of type 2 and a very few higher forms; 
The predominance of higher forms, types 10-14, in the Inuleae 
and types 9-16 in the Cynareae ; 
The circumscribed variation in the types represented in the 
Heliantheae (2-6), in the Helenieae (2-6), in the Anthemideae (2-4) 
and in the Cichorieae (3, 5, 6, 8); 
The considerable range of variation (3-16) in the Mutisieae ; 
The Senecioneae again show the characteristics of a primitive 
plexus, but with the specialisation of the outer groups not shown as 
markedly as in the styles ; 
The Calenduleae and the Arctotideae show a range of variation 
very similar to that of the Senecioneae but without the predomin¬ 
ance of type 3, 
D. Function of Appendages of Styles and Stamens. 
The biological significance of the hairs and appendages of the 
styles was appreciated by Cassini (13) and all subsequent authors, 
but the biological significance of the appendages of the stamens 
was elucidated for the first time in 1915 by the writer (61). Both 
Cassini and Bentham as shown above (Section A, Chap. II) 
recognised the value of these structures for the purposes of classifi¬ 
cation, but Cassini makes no mention of a possible function, while 
Bentham considers tkem to be “ of little or no functional or 
homological importance.” 
That the predominant tendency in the Compositae is economy 
has been emphasised (61-62), and “ since the highest development 
of these appendages is found in the same groups with the greatest 
complexity in the structure of the style, it becomes highly probable 
that the appendages have quite a definite function” (61, p. 459). 
Economy in the polliniferous tissue was then considered and a 
new significance attached to the sweeping hairs of the styles and 
their efficiency in removing all the pollen grains from the anther 
tube. The main point can best be made clear by a quotation from 
the original article (61, p. 460). “The functions of the staminal 
appendages, hitherto obscure, become more obvious, for with the 
