James Small. 
216 
The simplest pollen-presentation mechanism in the Astereae is 
that of the Bellidinas and Heterochrominae, where stamens of type 3 
are combined with styles of type VII in a number of genera. Styles 
of type VIII occur largely in the other sub-tribes and type Villa 
occurs in a notable percentage of the Homochrominae, the sub-tribe 
placed next the Eupatorieas by Bentham. 
Considering next the Inuleae, the Gnaphaliinae is the only sub¬ 
tribe which shows a preponderance of simple (type IV) styles with 
a preponderance of comparatively simple stamens (type 10). The 
sub-tribe is divided into two series, the second of which, the 
Helichryseae, has by much the larger proportion of simple type 
pollen-presentation mechanisms; the first series, the Eu-gnaphalieae 
has a larger proportion of styles, of type XII and of stamens of 
types 12 and 13. The other sub-tribes may be supposed to have 
come off as in Fig. 7, taking into consideration the predominance 
of type XII styles in the Inulinae and Buphthalminae, their 
development in the Athrixiinae ; the occurrence of simple stamens 
in the Plucheinae and Filagininae with a considerable percentage of 
type XII styles; the occurrence of type V styles in the Tarchon- 
anthinae, and a larger proportion of type 10 stamens in the 
Angianthinse than in the Relhaniinae. 
The largest proportion of simple pollen-presentation mechan¬ 
isms in the Heliantheae occurs in the Verbesininae. Of the other 
sub-tribes the Lagasceinae, Milleriinae, Melampodiinae, Ambrosiinae 
and Petrobiinae are obviously somewhat restricted or specialised, 
while the Zinniinae, Coreopsidinae and Madiinae are closely allied to 
the Verbesininae,but are on the whole higher in their style forms than 
the above-mentioned groups. The Galinsoginae show a variation 
in the style forms more allied to that of the Helenieaeand are closely 
allied to but slightly higher than the Verbesininae in their stamen 
forms. 
In the Helenieae a large proportion of higher type stamens is 
shown by the Jaumeinae (type 5), the Baeriinae (types 4-5) and the 
Heleniinae (types 4 and 6). This is combined in the Jaumeinae and 
Baeriinae with a preponderance of higher type styles (types VII and 
VIII). The Flaveriinae are obviously a specially simple group, while 
the Tagetinae show a preponderance of simplicity with a range of 
variation which covers that of most of the other sub-tribes. 
The Anthemideae are a comparatively simple but special group, 
closely connected with the Senecioninae and with practically no 
difference in the development of the pollen-presentation mechanism 
