254 
James Small. 
Mimulus and Martynia and the movements in Sccrvola, Leeuwen- 
hcekia and Stylidium. The movement in Mimnlus is the subject of 
a note by Kitchener (33) and that in Martynia by Harger (21), 
while the physiology of the process in both genera and in 
Strobilanthes is considered by Oliver (44). 
Stamens: —The earliest record of the sensitiveness of the 
stamens in the Compositae is that of Alexander Camerarius (5), 
who, while recording the phenomenon in Cyanus Turcicus , etc., 
quotes Borelli as having made the first observation on Jacea 
aromatica , the Cardui pratenses, the Cyani and Stcebe. Camerarius 
refers to the anther tube as the “ vagina,” but a few years later 
Bose (3) uses the term “ stamina,” and makes a passing reference 
to the irritability of these organs in some Compositae. About half 
a century later Conte dal Covolo (10) discussed the phenomenon in 
Centanrea calcitrapoides, and gave very good figures of his detailed 
dissections. Previous to Koelreuter all recorded species except 
Stcebe (Inuleae) belonged to the Cynareae, but that author (36) 
extended the list to the Cichorieae ( Hicracium , Cichorium, Scolymus) 
and the Inuleae ( Buphthalmum maritimum = Odontospermum 
maritimum Sch. Bip.). 
After the lapse of a century during which the only reference 
to the movement is a passing one by Cassini (7), the physiology of 
irritability was the subject of various investigations and discussions 
by Cohn (9), Unger (54-55), Hofmeister (24), Pfeffer (45) and 
others (see Section D). Hildebrand (23) added Antennaria dioica , 
and various Cynareae were added to the list of “ irritables ” by 
Muller (43), Knuth (34), Meehan (40-41), Kirchner (32) and 
Linsbauer (37). Meehan (40) also records a peculiar irritability of 
the corolla in Centanrea mexicana, which, however, does not seem to 
have been confirmed. The trigger hairs on the filaments of some 
Cynareae are described and figured by Kabsch (29), Unger (55), 
Kny (35), Haberlandt (15) and Halsted (16). The last (18) also 
extended the records of irritability to the Heliantheae ( Echinacea , 
Heliopsis) 
Although he does not mention anything in the text Lubbock 
(38) extended the observations to the Anthemideae. This is clear 
from his figures 87-88 of the anther tube in Chrysanthemum par- 
thenium, in the first the tube is closed, erect, median and straight, 
in the second after an insect visit the tube is oblique, retracted and 
with the pollen exserted. Kernel’ and Oliver (31) mention Onopordon 
and Centanrea as examples, and compare the mechanism with the 
