90 Ingvar Jorgensen and Walter Stiles. 
The phytochlorin is now separated by shaking 4 or 5 times 
with 3% hydrochloric acid, 400 c.c. being used altogether, and then 
several times with 5% acid until this is only feebly green. The 
extracts with the stronger acid require to he fractioned. This is 
effected by neutralising and extracting with 30 c.c. of ether, and then 
repeatedly extracting the ether with 3% hydrochloric acid until the 
volume of all the 3% hydrochloric acid extracts is brought up to 
500 c.c. This constitutes the phytochlorin solution. The remaining 
liquid contains the phytorhodin which is extracted 4 or 5 times 
with 12% hydrochloric acid until the ether remains only slightly 
reddish. 
3. The Preparation of the Xanthophyll and Carotin Solutions. 
The ether extract from 20 grams of fresh leaves is saponified with 
2 c.c. of concentrated potash solution in methyl alcohol, the mixture 
being strongly shaken, first by hand and then for half-an-hour on a 
mechanical shaker. The liquid is then allowed to stand for some 
time and if it still fluoresces red it is skaken again and, if necessary, 
more potash is added. When the saponification is complete the 
solution is transferred to a small separating funnel and shaken 
with ether. A further 30 c.c. of ether is then added to the syrupy 
chlorophyllin salts. After shaking with water the upper ethereal 
layer contains the yellow pigments, the water the chlorophyllin salts. 
(Cf. Section E, experiment 6). After separation of the two layers, 
the watery layer may be again shaken with ether in order to 
determine whether the whole of the yellow pigments have been 
extracted. 
The two yellow pigments are then separated according to the 
principle used in experiment 7. The ether solution is washed with 
water and methyl alcoholic potash to remove traces of chlorophyllins 
and small quantities of brown, acid, organic substances, and then 
twice more with distilled water. The ether is then evaporated at 
ordinary temperature under reduced pressure to a few c.c., and 
then transferred to 80 c.c. of petrol ether in a separating funnel. 
From this the xanthophyll is extracted by repeated extractions 
with methyl alcohol as follows. (1) 100 c.c. 85%, (2) 100 c.c. 90%, 
(3) two extractions with 92%. If the last extraction is not 
colourless, further additions of 92% methyl alcohol are made. 
In this way the xanthophyll in the methyl alcohol is separated 
from the carotin which remains in the petrol ether. 
The xanthophyll is transferred to 130 c.c. of ether, by adding the 
latter to the methyl alcohol followed by slow addition of water and 
