New and Little Known West-H imalayan Liverworts. 3 
apical tuber-like organs. It occurs in the deep shade of densely 
growing trees, or rocks, or in caves where its only companion is 
Cyathodium tuberosum. The latter may also occur in comparatively 
exposed places, but the present species never does. Consequently 
it has the yellowish colour of Cyathodium and similarly reduced 
thallus. The number of stomata is very small and as stated above 
the broad wings consist only of two layers of cells separated by air 
chambers. Both kinds of rhizoids are, however, present. The 
scales, like those of Cyathodium, contain chloroplasts. The rhizoid 
Fig. 1. Cryptomitrimi hitnalayense. I, II, two fertile plants, I showing 
two young sporogonia, II showing a carpocephalum and also the position of 
the antheridia (a, a), x 3. Ill, a lobe of the thallus from above—the apex 
is being cut off, x 3. IV, the same, from below, x 3. V, female receptacle 
seen from below, two involucres out of the four are fertile, x 4. VI, horizontal 
section of involucre with a sporogonium, x 50. 
furrow is always one and never two as found by Stephani 1 in some 
specimens of C. tenernm. At the end of the vegetative season the 
apex of the plant becomes condensed, the scales are nearer each 
other and scattered on the ventral surface, and the midrib is broader 
and thicker. The ventral surface and the scales assume a red 
colour, and soon two broad red curved bands appear on the dorsal 
side a little behind the apex one from each margin. They are 
concave anteriorly and ultimately meet in the centre. In this way 
a reniform area at the apex (Fig. 1, Ill, IV) becomes sharply 
marked off from the rest of the thallus, which later on gradually 
1 “ Species Hepaticarum,” Vol. I, p. 148. 
