New and Little Known IVest-HimalayanLiverworts. 13 
The plant possesses a definite mycorrhizal region in the centre 
of the midrib in the older parts (Fig. 6, III). Below the upper green 
layer the cells of the compact portion except those of the mycor- 
rhizal region are full of starch grains. Here the cells are filled with 
fungal hyphae and with minute granules which stain brown with 
iodine, but there is no starch. It may be mentioned that fungal 
hyphae were also seen in the cells of the midrib of both the species 
of Plcigiocliasma previously described, 1 Aitchisoniella, and Reboulia 
hemlspherica. The cells containing hyphae in these cases also have 
no starch but contain granules staining brown with iodine. In these 
forms, however, the mycorrhizal region is not sharply separated 
from the surrounding tissue, the cells containing the hyphae being 
more or less scattered in the midrib. In all cases, including 
Athalamia, hyphae were found also in the smooth rhizoids, hence it 
appears that they penetrate into the thallus by means of these 
rhizoids. 
The plant is usually monoecious. Falconer could not make out 
any antheridia, probably because they had discharged their contents 
and the papillae had withered, and also because sometimes antheridia 
may not occur on a thallus or a lobe bearing archegonia. The 
antheridia are generally found behind the female receptacle, some¬ 
times in front of it, and occasionally on distinct lobes which have 
no female receptacle, in two zigzag rows. The chambers in which 
the antheridia are situated open by large hyaline papillae (Fig. 6, 
I, II). The papillae project from the surface of the thallus and are 
not arranged on any raised tissue. In this respect the plant 
resembles Sauteria more than Clevea. The female receptacle 
arises on the dorsal surface in the middle line. Sometimes two 
receptacles may be formed one after the other. The young recep¬ 
tacle is surrounded by many small scales, which differ from the 
ventral scales of the thallus: their margins are not entire but have 
numerous cells projecting outwards and forwards, they are smaller, 
and many of their cells possess chloroplasts which are absent from 
the ventral scales (Fig. 6, VIII). These scales are carried at the 
top of the stalk of the receptacle later on, and are found at the base 
of the ripe receptacle. They are, however, closely attached to the 
receptacle and are in no way conspicuous. There are no scales at 
the base of the stalk. 
The receptacle produces many archegonia, up to eight, each 
contained in a bilabiate involucre with thin valves and open down 
1 New Phytologist, Vol. 13, 1914, pp. 318-332. 
