Inter-Relationships of Protista and Primitive Fungi 225 
observed in Proteomyxa. Closely related to Pseudospora are several 
other genera which show the same general life cycle and differ from 
that genus and from each other in little except details of form and 
ornamentation of the cyst—among these are ColpodeUa (Fig, 4, C), 
Diplophysalis (Fig. 4, E), Pseudosporidium (Fig. 4, F), Ectobiella 
(Fig. 4, G), Aplielidium and others. In Ciliophrys (Fig, 4, P), the 
only stages known are a heliozooid form and a flagellate form into 
which the first passes, on withdrawing its radiating pseudopodia ; 
no cyst or amoeboid stage have been described, and if these do not 
occur we have in this genus an extremely simple Proteomyxan which 
differs from the Pantostomatinean genus Diiuorplia only in the non¬ 
retention of the flagella in the heliozood phase. In Polysporella , 
described by Zopf (1885 b), the life cycle differs from that of other 
Proteomyxa in the fact that the contents of the cyst divide into from 
4 to 16 portions, each of which becomes a resting spore or secondary 
cyst producing usually four flagellulse; this genus may be regarded 
as leading to the Plasmodiophoraceae or might indeed be included 
in that group. In another series of Zoosporae small plasmodia are 
formed by the amoeboid or heliozooid individuals becoming joined 
up by their pseudopodia, or fusing together. A simple type of this 
kind is Diplophrys stevcovea (Fig. 4, H), which presents resem¬ 
blances to the simpler colonial Foraminifera on one hand and to the 
somewhat isolated genus Labyrinthula on the other. In Protomonas 
(Fig. 4, D), which is otherwise similar to Colpodella, and in Gymno- 
coccus and some other genera, plasmodium formation occurs by fusion 
of amoeboid individuals. The genus Mikrogromia (Fig. 4, O) may 
be provisionally included in the Zoosporeae, though often placed 
among the lower Foraminifera ; the body is covered by a simple 
membranous or gelatinous test open at one end, and division 
(frequently longitudinal, as in Flagellata) results either in the 
formation of two new individuals with branched (foraminiferoid) 
pseudopodia, which often become united so as to form a loose colony 
or in that of flagellate zoospores. The remarkable genus Chlamy- 
domyxa, which might perhaps be included in the Zoosporeae since 
it produces flagellate zoospores (or gametes), differs so much from 
other Proteomyxa that it will be best considered separately. 
It will be noted that among the Zoosporeae we have forms which 
present at any rate general resemblances to Heliozoa, Foraminifera 
and Mycetozoa. Similar resemblances to these and other groups 
of Protozoa are presented by various Proteomyxa in which no 
flagellate phase has been observed. Among the Azoosporeae there 
are forms which show much the same general form and life history 
as certain Zoosporeae but apparently produce no flagellated cells. 
Among the heliozooid forms (that is, forms in which the trophic 
phase shows a general resemblance to such Heliozoa as Actinophrys), 
Nuclearia (Fig. 4, T) corresponds to Ciliophrys in the Zoosporeae; 
Vampyrella (Fig. 4, O) to Pseudospora, though in some species a 
plasmodium is formed by fusion of several individuals; Leptophrys 
(Fig. 4, S) resembles Vuiupyrella but plasmodia are formed by fusion 
of the amoeboid zoospores ; Monobia (Fig. 4, U) has a plasmodium 
formed by union of the pseudopodia of several of the heliozooid 
individuals. Other forms (apart from Haeckel’s “ Monera ” hardly 
any of which have been observed by any other writer), are amoeboid 
and have affinities with the naked Rhizopoda (Gymnamcebida), e.g ., 
