228 
Reviews. 
REVIEWS. 
SOME RECENT TAXONOMIC WORKS. 
(1) Minnesota Trees and Shrubs: an illustrated manual 
of the native and cultivated woody plants of the state. By Frederic 
E. Clements, C. Otto Rosendahl, and Frederic K. Butters. Report 
of the Botanical Survey, IX. Demy 8vo., pp. xxi + 314. The 
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; 1912. 
(2) Rocky Mountain Flowers : an illustrated guide for 
plant-lovers and plant-users. By Frederic Edward Clements and 
Edith Schwartz Clements. Pp. xxi + 392 (including 46 plates, 
many of them in colour). White Plains, N.Y., and New York City ; 
1914. 
(3) Revisions of some Plant Phyla. By [the late] Charles 
E. Bessey. Pp. 73, reprinted from the University Studies, Lincoln, 
Nebraska, Vol. XIV, No. 1 ; 1914. 
(4) Dansk Ekskursions-Flora. Tredie udgave. 8vo., pp. 
xxvi + 330. By C. H. Ostenfeld and C. Raunkiaer. Copenhagen 
and Christiania ; 1914. 
(5) Flora of the Vicinity of New York: a contribution to 
plant geography. By Norman Taylor. (Memoirs of the New York 
Botanical Garden, vol. V.) Pp. vi + 683; 1915. 
rpHE first of the above books is the third of a series intended to 
familiarise students with the plants of Minnesota, Minnesota 
Algce and Minnesota mushrooms being its two predecessors. The 
book is copiously illustrated with text-figures, drawn chiefly from 
Minnesota specimens, though a few have necessarily been adapted 
from other works which are cited in the preface. The drawings 
are natural size, except where otherwise stated; and the majority 
were made by advanced students under the supervision of the 
authors. There are also a few “ half-tones ” made from photographs 
and an excellent frontispiece of Pinus strobus. The all-too-short 
introduction gives an account of the vegetative regions; and no 
p. xx there is a map in black and white showing the natural 
distribution of forest and prairie, the map being (as stated) adapted 
from Upham’s Flora of Minnesota. There is also on p. xvii a phylo¬ 
genetic scheme representing the authors’ views of the relationships 
of vascular plants. From this scheme the authors appear to regard 
all Angiosperms as having arisen from the Ranales; and the three 
main lines of development end respectively with the Orchidales, the 
Asterales, and the Lamiales. A key to the genera occupies eight 
pages. The book generally is a systematic account of the families, 
genera, and species (with keys to the genera) of the trees and shrubs 
of the state and concludes with a glossary and an index. The work 
has been written with obvious care, and is an extremely useful 
contribution to botanical science. The arrangement of orders and 
families is that of Bessey (see 3, below). 
(2) The second book, by Professor and Mrs. Clements, is an 
endeavour to present the materials of the flora of the Rocky 
Mountains in preliminary form “ from the standpoint of the 
experimental ecologist ” who, we are told, “ is concerned primarily 
with the relationships of * species ’ and their sub-divisions as an 
organic expression or measure of habitat differences, and of the 
competitive relationships of the various formations.” 
