before the second leaves are full grown, the under crop is very near 
matured. Trees cultivated with a high stalk are generally grafted, 
and when they are well cultivated and properly pruned every two 
years, they will produce a greater quantity, larger and superior 
leaves, aud easier collected. For every acre of land, if planted at 
30ft. apart, there would be room for 4S trees and at 10ft. apart 
435 trees. The trees are very hardy and become very old : it has 
been known of them growing for 400 years. 
From mulberry trees there are other advantages besides feeding 
the silk-worms. The sawn timber from them is well adapted to 
make wine barrels. The wood can bo used for fancy work, being 
very effective when polished. When the leaves are not stripped 
from the tree, it will produce good fruit for jam, etc. The second 
leaves that fall in autumn can be utilized for pigs 1 food. The 
leaves are gathered and stored away whon dried, then boiled when 
wanted, and mixed with some farinaceous substance, which will 
prepare a good meal for pig*. A French gentleman, Monsieur 
F. Turbot, lma discovered the means of utilizing the mulberry bark 
to be manufactured into paper, and again the pruning of the trees 
will supply firewood. 
An ounce of mulberry seed contains about 12,000 grains, aud 
about 10,000 young plauts can be obtained from it. 
Variety of Mulberries. 
There are a great variety of mulberry trees, but I will not deal 
but with those commonly known and useful for our purpose, such as 
the Rosacfoglia (or rose-leaf), nod the Chiua Lou and the Multi- 
caulis. The mulberry most recommended is the Morus Alba (rose- 
leaf grafted). This mulberry produces thin but substantial smooth 
green leaves, and easy to collect, if properly pruned. ; they 
contain a deal of the glutinous substance which gives tenacity and 
the best of silk. The China Lou is also recommended to be equal to 
the rose-leaf in substance and production of silk. It will grow well 
by cuttings. The cuttings are planted at one foot apart with one or 
two buds out of the ground, and next season they will be ready to 
be transplanted aud grown and trained up to seven feet high. In 
one season a bud will grow as much as six and a half feet long, and 
after three years old, one tree will give as much as five pounds of 
leaves. The leaves tire very large, and make a beautiful ornamental 
tree. The Multicaulis are sometimes used for hedges, and are very 
useful to feed the young silk-worms, on account of their budding 
earlier than other kinds of mulberry. The leaves are nice-looking 
and smooth, but very tender, and easily destroyed by frost, and 
silk-worms are not fed by Multicaulis leaves after the second stage. 
The Morus Alba (rose-leaf), grown from seed, is usually called the 
wild mulberry, as it has not been grafted. These trees can be 
grown to a very large size, and bear a good crop of leaves ; but the 
leaves are smaller than the grafted, while the result as regards silk 
production is almost equal to the grafted mulberry leaves. 
In Switzerland some of these trees are purposely let grow wild, 
with full branches, when they become very useful in rainy weather; 
if rain continues for several days, the big branches of these trees 
are cut down, and put under a shelter to dry the water oil the 
