; izon at right angles with the true plane of the 
polar opening, which is itself nearly at right an¬ 
gles with the axis, he will have the zenith of 
the atmosphere, depressed below his southern 
horizon: he must therefore, in all probability, 
lose about 90 polar or short degrees in estima¬ 
ting his progress, if he judge by celestial ob¬ 
servation only ; for the zenith of the atmosphere 
being depressed in relation to the observer, 
and the zenith of the heavens not being depres¬ 
sed, or not being so much depressed, the N- 
star although-reallyJs. of the observer, will in 
consequence of its being at the same time re¬ 
ally N. of the zenith of the general surface of 
the atmosphere, appear to such observer to be 
northwards of his apparent zenith,—the intrica¬ 
cy of this part of my subject is such, that I 
fear few readers will be able to fully catch my 
idea, without a more ample explanation than 
the reasonable limits of a piece of this charac¬ 
ter will justify. 
12. That, a part of this sphere, near the ver¬ 
ges of the polar openings,—if not throughout 
most of the unfathomable ocean,—is water quite 
through ; (except the mid-plane cavity or cavi¬ 
ties) so that it transmits light within the sphere, 
or at least within the cavity. 
13. That, the many large floating trees, 
found as high as 80 degrees N. ,—which is 20 
degrees beyond where we find such grow,— 
float out through the polar opening, and pass 
on S dor wedge in the broken, fresh-water ice¬ 
bergs, that surround it; which accumulation of 
; ice may be called the icy hoop or circle. 
14. That, this sphere high N. must be thin; 
for gravity there, is found by measurement, to 
be but little greater than at the equator, alt ho* 
the increase consequent on the abatement 1 
there of the centrifugal force of the rotation 
of the earth and air, must be considerable 
15. That, clouds, haze, or mist, \vill general¬ 
ly, if not universally, prevent a clear view of 
the opposing spheres, as well as that of the op¬ 
posite verges of the polar openings, or that re¬ 
fraction alone will keep them out of view, 
which is most likelv. 
16. That, a murky atmosphere of mist, or 
haze, hangs over or about the polar openings, 
sufficiently dense, to project a shadow nearly 
circular, on the moon when she is eclipsed in 
the plane of' the earth’s equator, or that the 
rays ef^he sun in passing through the atmos¬ 
phere there, are bent inwards toward the earth, 
so as to not pass on to the moon. 
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