have its channel open after other places have 
closed by ice; and the spring and summer floods 
subsiding,must prevent other ice from descend¬ 
ing to again choke the channel when once o- 
pen. Fuel to create steam, must be abundant 
on the banks of the river; both growing trees 
and driftwood. 
Any person wishing to see how the land 
should lie on this map, can trace the known 
shores, with a pencil, from any map, or maps, 
of the northern hemisphere, drawing them on 
the proper degrees of latitude and longitude 
called for in the original maps, and ,ne differ¬ 
ence between the old and new will be contras¬ 
ted, by drawing with a pencil and rule, straight 
meridians quite across the map, and tracing 
t’nc shores on them also. The position of the 
mouths of Mackenzie’s and Copper-mine rivers 
on the old maps (as laid down in Barrington 
and Beaufoy “on approaching the north pole,” 
whose scale I have based this map on) is rep- 
resented by [a] for the former, and [b] for the 
latter; and, the old position of Bhering’s Strait 
is represented by [c]. 
The figure 1 represents both the meridian 
of London and the fiftieth parallel of latitude. 
2 represents 30° W. longitude, and 3 sixty de¬ 
grees west longitude,—4 England,- w 5 the peak 
of the high side of the verge in Norway, at or 
near the Maalstrom, and about latitude 68° N., 
—6 the North Cape,—7 Spitsbergen,—8 Ice¬ 
land: Mount Hecla of this island is probably on 
the verge, and may be likened to a chimney, 
(inasmuch as it exists on the ridge of the north 
polar verge) near the peak, and doubtless 
serves to convey off rare air, too crowded in 
the great Mid-plane-space, with which space it 
must communicate, according to my system; 
for I conclude that this space, throughout, 
feeds the volcanos with rare air, condensing in¬ 
to flame and cinders in consequence of the in¬ 
cumbent pressure, and greater gravity of the 
external surface, acting on it as it rises. Each 
concentric sphere of every planetary body 
throughout the universe, is, I conclude, form¬ 
ed in like manner and by the same rule. Prob¬ 
ably the earth is constituted of at least five such 
concentric spheres of solids, attended with nu¬ 
merous intermediate transparent aerial ones.— 
When we look into the poles of Mars we count 
the edges of four successive spheres reflecting 
light, and the intermediate spaces swallowing 
it; this it seems is the case, although Mars is 
less than the earth, and has no satellite. 
I do not suppose that all the spheres of the 
earth revolve around or on one and the same 
axis, or that their actual axis is continually at, 
or even near, the centre; probably they all oc¬ 
casionally balance and vibrate towards and from 
each other, however perpetually they revolve 
together on a general scale. The native cop- 
per and iron found among the northern In- 
