July 8, 1890. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
15 
Peas Withering (X. Dawes). —We cannot find any.grubs or 
insects on tbe roots sent. The small tubercles on the roots of leguminous 
plants appear to be natural productions, and are present on the healthiest 
and most productive of Peas. Some Peas are attacked by a fungus on 
the lower part of the stems, but neither the cause of the visitation nor 
a remedy appears to be known. Potash in the soil is a necessity for 
Peas, and in its absence there cannot be healthy growth ; moreover, 
some varieties of Peas are more prone to fail in certain soils than are 
others, and quite recently we noticed two rows of Peas in a similar 
condition to yours, while two other rows growing next to them of a 
different variety were as healthy and productive as could be desired. 
“lobster Plant” leaves Spotted (X. (S'.).—The leaves of the 
Clianthus sent are somewhat discoloured by the excretion of insects, 
probably of aphides. In addition to the dark deposit a number of white 
exudations are seen on the upper surface of the leaves. These may be a 
result of the punctures made by the insects, or may be due to secretion 
by the plant; indeed the larger patches have a decided opening in the 
centre, as if an ooze had taken place through it. There is no fungus, 
and the tissue of the leaves is perfectly healthy. If we mistake not 
(and we have only the foliage to guide us) the plant is Clianthus 
puniceus, a beautiful greenhouse semi-climber, hardy against walls with 
southern or western exposures in the southern parts of England, and 
we believe in Ireland also. In the southern counties it assumes large 
proportions and is grand when in bloom. Although there are no insects 
we think the appearance is in favour of the plant having been 
infested with aphides. Syringe with an approved insecticide. 
IVIildew on Vines (A. J. X.).—You are indeed “ in a fix,” as you 
say, and are to be pitied. We cannot understand anyone going to the 
expense of erecting a vinery 80 feet long without providing the means 
of heating it. The structure is essentially incomplete, and no one has a 
right to expect a good and certain supply of Grapes from it. Under 
certain weather influences mildew is almost certain to appear, and the 
danger is great of its eventually destroying the crop of fruit and 
seriously injuring the Vines. All you can do is to maintain, as well as 
you can, a buoyant atmosphere, yet avoiding sharp currents. This you 
have probably done, and if so the mildew on the Vines is not your fault 
but your misfortune. We have not tried the composition you name on 
Vines, and if we did should proceed experimentally. We should dust 
every affected part with sulphur, distributing it through a muslin bag, 
and let it remain for three or four days. Some gardeners have had to 
roll the bucches in platefuls of sulphur when they could not otherwise 
make it adhere to the berries. They will be injured more or less in 
whatever way the parasite may be destroyed, but if it is allowed to 
increase it may ruin the crop. 
Grapes Decaying- (A. Z.). —We suspect the misfortune is due to 
the decay of some of the roots in the “ very heavy clay soil.” It is a 
question if the outside border needed water when you gave it, and we 
think covering such soil with green cow manure in the spring the 
reverse of good practice. The border ought to be covered in winter 
with shutters or thatched to throw off the wet, and should be exposed 
to the sun in spring and early summer, pointing it over very lightly yet 
frequently for raising the temperature of the soil ; and not until the 
surface became very dry, with signs of cracking apparent, should we 
apply manure, and then it would be much less close in its nature than 
that you have used. Such soil as you describe needs a very large ad¬ 
mixture of lime rubbish, coarse sand, and wood ashes, or bruised 
charcoal to render it suitable for the production of good Grapes ; and 
covering the ground half an inch thick with charcoal dust in early 
spring would do good in two respects—absorbing heat and conveying 
potash to the soil. The roots of the Vines should be carefully lifted and 
placed in more suitable soil nearer the surface. If they are left alone, 
and you continue the present practice, we fear the decay of the fruit 
will spread year by year, though much will depend on the weather. 
The site must be efficiently drained. 
Shading Roses under Glass ( S, . -S'.).—Probably the only reason 
you have had no response to your inquiry is that our Rose correspondents 
consider yours to be an exceptional case, due to defects of ventilation 
or too clear large panes of glass, as the best growers do not find it neces¬ 
sary to shade their houses. A house that rises to 110° is defectively 
ventilated^ .and with full ventilation, assuming it to be efficient, the 
temperature ought not to exceed more than 5° to 10° that of the external 
air. The best glass is not the best for greenhouses, and is not usually 
employed, thirds being as a rule the clearest that is employed for horti¬ 
cultural purposes. We had some Peach houses glazed with 42-oz. glass 
of the best quality, and we found that after May the sun’s rays acted 
with such force as not to allow the fruit time to ripen properly, the apex 
being ripe two full days in advance of the base. We passed a double 
thickness of herring nets over the roof lights, which insured the fruit 
ripening more slowly and evenly, and made a great difference in the 
quality also, it being more juicy and piquant in flavour. With Roses 
under similar glass— i.e., polished plate in large panes of several feet super¬ 
ficial—similar precautions were necessary to insure the blooms acquiring 
size, substance of petal, and durability, as without it they were thin as 
well as deficient in fragrance. Tiffany was used in this case, but it 
was too dense, and a double thickness of herring netting subdued the 
strong heat and light sufficiently. Under 21-oz. and 15-oz. British sheet, 
thirds quality, we have rarely found it necessary to shade Roses, except 
when bright weather followed a dull period, when a temporary shade of 
the material named over the roof lights prevented the blooms opening 
too rapidly. Your case may be similar to those named, or you may have 
erred in methods of ventilation. 
Centipedes (A. X.).—The specimens you send differ somewhat 
from the centipedes with which we are most familiar, and more closely 
resemble Julus complanatus than any other species that we can call to- 
mind. We doubt if anything will be more effective in banishing them 
than a little petroleum well mixed in water or soapsuds. Half a wine- 
glassful of the oil in a gallon of water is safe for most plants, and 
more than twice as much has been used with many without injurious- 
results. A few experiments will enable you to find a strength that is 
safe for the plants, and that will banish the abounding pests. Con¬ 
stant agitation is requisite or the oil will float on the water. By 
petroleum we mean the oil which is popularly but erroneously called 
paraffin, and burned in lamps. 
Names of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants r 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, dry 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(G. B.). —A Pavia, but the material was not sufficient to permit its- 
determination. (A'. X.).—Calycacthus floridus. ‘ (G. T. B.). —1, Solanum 
dulcamara. 2, Scabiosa caucasica. 3, Polemonium Richardsoni. G, 
Habenaria bifolia. The others were insufficient. (X. M .).—The speci¬ 
men was quite decayed when it reached us, but it seems to be a variety 
of Asphodelus ramosus. (./. X.).—The white flower is a variety of 
Centaurea cyanus, the other is a Spanish Iris, I. Xiphium, and there are 
white varieties of that and I. xiphioides. (X G.). —Scilla peruviana 
and Cephalaria tatarica. (IP. C .).—We should have been glad to have 
a specimen of the stem, and we can only judge the faded flower received 
to be that of Cereus grandiflorus. 
COYENT GARDEN MARKET.— July 2nd. 
Strawberries in heavy supply with bad trade, owing to the wet weather. All classes 
of goods lower. FRUIT. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
a. 
8. 
(5. 
8. 
a. 
Apples, .J sieve. 
2 
0 
to 6 
0 
Lemons, case. 
19 
0 to 15 
0 
„ Nova Scotia and 
Melons, each]. 
2 
0 
8 
6 
Canada, per barrel 18 
0 
25 
0 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
„ Tasmanian, p. case 
15 
0 
0 
0 
Peaches, dozen. 
1 
0 
12 
0 
Cherries, per J sieve 
9 
0 
12 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each.. 
o 
0 
6 
0 
Grapes, per lb. 
1 
8 
3 
0 
Strawberries, per lb. 
0 
0 
0 
6 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
Artichokes, dozen .. .. 
0 
0 
to 0 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet 
l 
6 
to 2 
0 
Asparagus, bundle .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Mustard & Cress, punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Onions, bushel. 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
a 
0 
8 
0 
Brussels Sprouts, £ sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Cabbage, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Carrots, bunch 
0 
4 
0 
0 
„ New, per lb. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen.. .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Rhubarb, bundle .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
a 
Celery, bundle. 
1 
0 
1 
8 
Salsafy, bundle .. .. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Coleworts, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Cucumbers, doz. 
2 
0 
8 
6 
Seakale, per bkt. 
0 
0 
0 
O 
Endive, dozen .. .. .. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Shallots, per lb. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Herbs, bunch. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Leeks, bunch. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
0 
6 
0 
8 
Lettuce, dozen. 
0 
9 
1 
s 
Turnips, bunch .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
CUT 
FLOWERS. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
a. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches.. 
2 
0 
to 4 
0 
Asters, per bunch, French 
1 
6 
2 
0 
„ Fr.,large bnch 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Narcissus, 12 bunches .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Carnations, 12 bunches .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Paeony, dozen bunches .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
„ 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Pansies, dozen bunches .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Calceolaria, doz. bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 trusses 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Cornflower, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ scarlet, 12 bnchs 
4 
0 
6 
» 
Eschscholtzia, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Pinks (various), doz. bchs. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Eucharis, dozen 
4 
0 
6 
6 
Primula (double) 12 sprays 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Forget-me-not, doz. bnch. 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Ranunculus, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Roses (indoor), dozen .. 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Iris, various, dozen bnchs. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
„ Moss (Eng.), 12 bch. 
6 
0 
11 
O 
Lapageria, 12 blooms 
2 
0 
4 
0 
,, Red (Eng.) 12 bch. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Gladiolus, 12 bunches .. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
„ Red, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Gypsophila, per bunch, Fr. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
,, Tea, white, dozen.. 
1 
0 
8 
0 
Lilium, various, 12 blms. 
0 
9 
2 
0 
„ Yellow. 
2 
0 
4 
8 
„ longiflorum,12 blms. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Spiraea, d ozen bunche S .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
Wallflowers, doz. bunches 
2 
9 
4 
0 
bunches. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
8. 
a. 
6. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
Aralia Sieboldi, dozen .. 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Geraniums Scarlet, p. doz. 
8 
0to 6 
0 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Heliotrope, per doz. 
5 
0 
8 
0 
Arbor Vitae (golden) doz. 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Hydrangea, doz. pots .. 
9 
0 
18 
o 
Azalea, various, per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lily of the Valley, 12 pots 
u 
0 
0 
0 
Calceolaria, per doz. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Lobelia, per doz. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Climbing Plants, various, 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
dozen pots. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Cyclamen, per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Musk, per dozen .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Deutzia, 12 pots .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Dracaena terminalis, doz. 
21 
0 
42 
0 
Nasturtiums, dozen pots 
3 
0 
4 
0 
„ viridis, dozen .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Palms, in var., each.. .. 
2 
6 
‘/I 
0 
Epiphyllum, per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pelargoniums, per doz. .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Erica, Cavendishi, per pt. 
2 
0 
S 
0 
Rhodanthe, per dozen .. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
,, various, dozen 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Roses (Fairy', per dozen 
8 
0 
10 
0 
Euonymus, var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
„ 12 pots. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Sarifraga pyramidalis, 
Ferns, in variety, dozen.. 
4 
0 
18 
0 
per dozen .. .. 
18 
0 
24 
0 
Ficus elastica, each.. 
1 
6 
7 
0 
Spiraea, 12 pots. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Foliage plantfi, var., each 
2 
0 
11 
0 
Stocks, per doz. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Fuchsia, per doz. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Tropseolums, various, per 
Geraniums, Ivy, per doz. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
dozen . 
8 
0 
6 
0 
Bedding Plants in variety, in boxes and pots. 
