100 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ July 31, 1890. 
from a row each of both, if all were cropping at their best and the 
fruit sold. The highest price obtained for Outdoor grown Straw¬ 
berries at Chiswick was half a crown a pound for fine fruits of 
Waterloo, smaller samples falling to Is. Gd. Its size and extremely 
dark colour find favour with novelty seekers. At Hackbridge 
this week we observed Waterloo in full bearing, all others having 
ceased for some time. Noble was gathered in June, Waterloo is 
hoped and expected to continue till August 8th. 
In habit the plant is compact, forming tufts of smallish dark 
leaves, which do not shade the fruit. The plants may be very 
well grown 18 inches apart in rows 2 feet asunder. They do not 
appear to produce runners very freely, and this will affect the 
price. Waterloo, like some other Strawberries, may not flourish 
in all soils, but is worth trying by all growers who desire large, 
dark coloured, late fruit. At Chiswick the soil is rather heavy, at 
Hackbridge light in texture, dark in colour, a humus like mass, 
and in both gardens the plants yield handsome fruit freely. 
Mr. Barron informs us that this Strawberry was brought from 
France by Mr. James Bone, gardener to Lord Chesham, Latimers, 
and passed from him to Messrs. Yeitch & Sons, and thence to 
Chiswick. It was grown in France, as might be expected, under 
another name, but Mr. Bone arriving home on the Waterloo 
anniversary commemorated the event by giving to this French 
Strawberry the famous Belgian name, which it will bear as long as 
the variety is grown in British soil. 
THE WILD FRUITS OF NEWFOUNDLAND AND 
LABRADOR. 
{Concluded from page ■514'). 
The Honeysuckle family (Caprifoliacem) brings to our notice three 
genera, the Lonicera or Honeysuckle genus, the Viburnum, Arrow-wood 
or Laurustinus genus, and that of the Sambucus or Elder. The Lonicera 
or Honeysuckle gives us the Mountain or blue-fruited Fly Honeysuckle 
(L. coerulea), and its variety villosa, and the Swamp Fly Honeysuckle 
{L. oblongifolia). Both have yellowish flowers ; the berries of the 
former are blue, those of the latter are purple. The Viburnum, Arrow- 
wood, or Laurustinus has probably five species in Newfoundland, and 
amongst them are the Squashberry, and, I believe, our Withe-rod and 
White-wood berries. The others are the Sweet Viburnum or Sheepberry 
(V. Lantago), the Withe-rod and Naked-stalked Viburnum (V. nudum), 
the Few-flowered Arrow-wood (V. pauciflorum), and the Maple-leaved 
Viburnum or Dockmackie (V. acerifolium). Our Squashberry is not the 
High Cranberry (Viburnum Opulus), as at first thought, but the Few- 
flowered Viburnum. Our Withe-rod is probably the V. nudum ; and 
our White Wood, whose berries are much like the Squashberry, is, 
perhaps, the V. Opulus. The Sambucus or Elder family gives us the 
panicled or red-berried Elder (Sambucus racemosa, variety pubens). 
The V. Opulus is the only one, it would seem, of these fruits which 
grows wild in England ; it is known there as the common Guelder Rose 
or Water E : der. 
The Madder family (Rubiacese) gives us the Mitchella or 
Partridgeberry genus, of which the sole species is the M. repens. It is 
remarkably distinguished by its bright red berries, formed of two 
flowers. 
The Heath family (Rubiaceas).—The genera or divisions of this large 
and important family of which we are to speak are those of the Huckle¬ 
berry, Whortleberry, Creeping Snowberry, Cranberry, Partridgeberry, 
and Bearberry. It thus yields us a large proportion of our most 
common and valuable fruits. The Huckleberry or Gaylussacia 
affords us, I believe, our “black hurts” or whorts. They are of two 
kinds—the black or common Huckleberry (G. resinosa), and the dwarf 
Huckleberry (G. dumosa). The Whortleberry or Vaccinium.—This 
gives us our “ hurts ” or Whortleberries properly so called, and our 
Partridgeberry. The former are also called Blueberries or Bilberries. 
There are in Newfoundland five kinds of Whorts, with one variety, 
besides the red Whortleberry, Cowberry or Mountain Cranberry (V. 
Vitis Idrea), which is our Partridgeberry. They are the common Low 
Blueberry (V. pennsylvanicum), its variety angustifolium, the Blue or 
High Bilberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), Canadian Blueberry (V. 
canadense), the Mountain Blueberry (V. uliginosum), and the Dwarf 
Blueberry (V. cfespitosum). The last two are dwarf species, and may 
both be “ ground hurts.” The High Bilberry grows from 4 to 8 feet in 
height; the others are from 6 to 12 inches high, the dwarf species being 
still smaller. Of these the Mountain Blueberry and the Cowberry are 
the only ones of our Whorts found in England. 
The Cranberry or Oxycoccus.—In very close botanical connection 
with the Whortleberries, so that they are, or were, sometimes grouped 
with them, are two others of our berries, one of which is very common 
and much valued by us. These are the Cranberries. Our Mashberry 
appears to be the common or small Cranberry of America, and the 
Marsh Whortleberry or Cranberry of England (Oxycoccus vulgaris). 
Our less frequent Cranberry, which bears large berries, and has its 
flower-stalk (or pedicels) springing from the juncture of the leaf and 
stem (or axillary) is the larger Cranberry (0. macrocarpus). Probably 
the latter is what is sometimes called the Bearberry and Bankberry in 
Fortune Bay and elsewhere. The Creeping Snowberry or Chiogenes.— 
Another delicate and much appreciated berry is claimed by the Heath 
tribe, and that is the Capillaire or Maidenhairberry (Chiogenes hispi- 
dula). It is called in other parts of North America the Mountain Box- 
berry, or Creeping Snowberry. The Aromatic Wintergreen or 
Gualteria. In this division we find the Checkerberry, Aromatic 
Wintergreen, Boxberry, or, as it called in some parts of North America, 
the Partridgeberry and Teaberry. About Harbor Breton it is called 
the Mountain Tea. The Bearberry or Arctostaphylos.—The red Bear¬ 
berry or Kinnikinnilc (A. uva ursi), and the black or alpine Bearberry 
(A. alpina) are both found here ; the names indicate the colour of the 
berries. The former is known as the Rockberry, and possibly Foxberry 
and Ground lvoryberry in Fortune Bay. Both these exist in England ; 
and the larger English species, the Strawberry Tree (A. unedo) is also 
stated to have been identified here ; but as it does not appear to be 
known in North America, we may conclude it is a mistake. 
The Holly family (Aquifoliacem).—In its Mountain Holly or Nemo- 
panthes we have the Canadian or Mountain Holly (Nemopanthes 
canadensis), a shrub bearing dry red berries aDd small greenish-white 
flowers, called in Fortune Bay, I believe, Brick Timber and Catberry. 
The Mezereum family (Thymelreacem).—Here we find in the Leather- 
wood or Dirca the Leatherwood or Moosewood (D. palustris). The 
Oleaster family (Elreagnacefe).—In Shepherdia we find the Canadian 
Shepherdia (S. canadensis). The Sandlewood family (Santalacere) 
brings us to the Bastard Toad Flax or Commandra, with its two species, 
the C. umbellata and C. livida. The Crowberry family (Empetracese) 
has two genera. The Crowberry or Empetrum, which affords us our 
so-called “Blackerry” or Heath berry or Earthberry, which is properly 
the common or black Crowberry (E. nigrum). It is common in 
England. A red Crowberry (E. rubrum), which has red berries, is 
found in Miquelon, Sagona, Brunet, Long Harbor, Fortune Bay, and 
other places westward. The Broom Crowberry or Corema gives us the 
Broom or Plymouth Crowberry (C. Conradi). 
The Oak family (Cupuliferas) in its Hazlenut or Corylus affords us 
our two Newfoundland nuts, the Beaked Hazel (Corylus rostrata) and 
the Wild Hazel (C. americana). The latter is very similar to the 
common English Hazel (C. avellana). The Sweet Gale family (Myri- 
caceas).—Here we have, in the Sweet Gale or Myrica, two plants— the 
Dutch Myrtle or Sweet Gale (Myrica Gale), and the Wax Myrtle or 
Bayberry (M. cerifera). The former is found abundantly in England. 
The Pine family (Conifer®).—Two divisions here interest us— 
namely, the Juniper and Yew genera, (a) The Juniper (Juniperus).— 
The Junipers of Newfoundland appear to be three in number—namely, 
the common Juniper (Juniperus communis), the red Cedar (J. vir- 
giniana), and the creeping Juniper (J. sabina, variety procumbens). 
The berries of the latter it seems are called here the “ face and eye 
berries,” from their resemblance to the human countenance. They are 
much in request by our “grannies” for their “sick” women. Our 
so-called Juniper tree belongs to a different genus of this family, and is 
the Tamarack or black Larch (Larix americana). The common Juniper 
is of frequent occurrence in England. It is here called Common Low or 
Ground Juniper, to distinguish it from the Larch, or high Juniper ; 
and the creeping Juniper is known as “ Savine.” (Jb) The Yew or Taxus 
genus.—We have here the only North American species—namely, the 
ground, or American, or ground Hemlock Yew (Taxus baccata, var. 
canadensis). It grows in some few places in the north of England. It 
is probably our “ Palm.” 
The Greenbriar family (Smilaceas).—The only genus of the order is 
that of the Greenbriar or Smilax genus. Here we have two species, 
which have bluish-black berries. They are the common green Briar 
(Smilax rotundifolia) and the Carrion Flower (S. herbacea). The 
medicinal Sarsaparilla (S. sarsaparilla), said to be found here, is not 
known on this side of the Atlantic. 
The Lily family (Liliace®) gives us five genera to speak of. The 
three-leaved Nightshade or Trillium, which has two species, the T. recur- 
vatum and the T. erythrocarpum, the Smiling Wake Robin or Painted 
Herb or Trillium. The False Solomon’s Seal or Smilacing, which gives 
us the two-leaved Solomon’s Seal (S. bifolia) and the three-leaved 
Solomon’s Seal (S. trifolia). Both these have bright red berries, and 
are perhaps known here as “ scurvy berries,” the Star-flowered Solo¬ 
mon’s Seal or False Spikenard (S. stellata), with blackish berries ; and 
the clustered Solomon’s Seal (S. racemosa), having pale red speckled 
berries. The True Solomon’s Seal or Polygonatum, in which we have 
only the smaller Solomon’s Seal (P. biflorum), probably a variety 
pubescens. This has round blue or black berries. The Clintonia 
(Clintonia), where we have the wild Lily of the Valley (C. borealis), 
which has large yellow flowers and bright blue berries, called here 
“ poison berries.” The Twisted Stalk or Streptopus, in which we have 
the rose twisted stalk (S. roseus), and another species called the 
S. amplexifolius. Both have red berries. 
ROYAL AQUARIUM, WESTMINSTER, 
The Exhibition held on Tuesday and Wednesday, July 29th and 
80th, was the fifth of the series under the management of Mr. W. 
Holmes, and it was certainly one of the best in all respects. There was 
a great variety of exhibits, the quality was good throughout, and the 
floral display was rendered brilliant by the Tuberous Begonias. 
Carnations and Picotees. 
In quality and numbers these were far better than was expected, 
indeed in some points they were superior to those at the National 
Society’s Show. We can only briefly review the classes. 
