102 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ July 31, 1890. 
chalcedonica fl. pi., perhaps having never been seen to better advantage ; 
and CEnothera speciosa, Campanula pelviformis, and Scabio3a caucasica 
were very striking. Messrs, Paul & Son, Chesbunt, had a very choice but 
leas effective display. Mr. Jas. Sheppard, Bedford, third, and Messrs. 
Horton & Smart, Bedford, fourth. Neither plants nor fruits were well 
represented, M-. Ellis beiDg first for a group of plant®, and Mr. Day, 
gardener to Joshua Hawkins, E?q., Bedford, second, and Mr. Robinson, 
gardener to Frederick Howard, Esq., Bedford, third. 
Mr. G. Allis, gardener to Major Shuttlewortb, Old Warden Park, was 
first for Black Hamburgh and Buckland Sweetwater Grapes, and Mr. Day 
secured a first prize fora collection of fruit, six kinds, and Mr. T. Brad¬ 
shaw, Houghton Regis, had the best three varieties of Strawberries, con¬ 
sisting of Sir Jos. Paxton, Forman’s Excelsior, and Lucas, all in fine con¬ 
dition. Mr. C. Musgrove, gardener to A. D. Chapman, Esq., Mdton 
Ernest, Beds, was first for a fine collection of vegetables ; Mr. Ellis 
second, and Mr. Herman, gardener to Griffith Jones, Esq., Goldington 
Bury, third. Mr. Herman also staged six well grown Z mal Pelargoniums, 
sfor which he was deservedly awarded the first place, and Mr. Musgrove 
for Coleus and Petunias. Mr. Sheppard contributed, not f >r competition, 
a very extensive and choice collection of plants, and Messrs. Laxton 
Bros., Bedford, a splendid collection of S veet Pea’, of Mr. T. Laxton’s 
well-known strains. Cut flowers, Rotes, and a large and very tastefully 
made wreath of light buff Rose 0 , chiefly Reve d’Or, and a magnificent 
•crop of white flowers. Vegetables and cut flowers were well shown in 
the amateurs’ classes, Captain Verey, Bedford, taking the lead for a col¬ 
lection of vegetables, and Mr. W. Kingston, Bedford, f >r a collection of 
Peas, Autocrat being especially noticeable and shown in beautiful colour 
and bloom. The cottagers’ productions were extensive and good, filling a 
'large tent. For the best bouquet Miss E. M. Blake, Bedford was first, 
■and Miss Blake for three sprays and three buttonholes, Miss M. T. Godfrey, 
Bedford, securing first for an effective table decoration. 
LEEDS. 
A few years ago very large horticultural exhibitions were held in this 
Tich and populous Yorkshire town ; but year after year rain fell in 
torrents, and the shows were eventually washed away. Rainy days for 
the shows became so proverbial that on the dates being announced 
macintoshes and umbrellas were advertised for the occasion by enter¬ 
prising tradesmen. A Show of a smaller kind was provided last week, 
and expressions of surprise were beard on all sides that the weather was 
fav. urable for visitors. The display consisted chiefly of Roses, cat 
(flowers, and fruit, though interesting miscellaneous collections of plants 
were contributed by Messrs. Dicksons, Limited, Chester; Smith & Co., 
Worcester ; and Featherstone, Leeds ; this latter skilled decorative florist 
arranging the plants so artistically that the centre of the tent resembled 
a tropical garden. The competing exhibits were arranged on tables round 
the sides. 
The cnly open class in Roses was for forty-e'gbt varieties, and very 
good collections indeed were staged by five competitors. The Fruit and 
Flower Company, Hereford (Cranston’s, Limited) secured the first prize in 
cioce competition with finer blooms than they bad previously cut this year, 
and certainly ranking amongst the best that we have seen exhibited. The ; 
varieties comprised Alfred Colomb, Countess of Rosebery, A. K. Williams, 
Eamtesse de Serenye, Dupuy Jamain, Lady M. Filzwilliam, Earl of 
Dufferin, Madame Eugene Verdier, Devienne Lamy, Mrs. J. Laing. General 
Jacqueminot, Silver Queen, Due de Wellington, Franpiis Michelon, 
Marshall Wilder, Her Majesty, Lady Sheffield. Frarpfis Louvat, Niphetos, 
Secateur Vaisse, Souvenir d’Elise, Camille Birnardin, Q leen of Queens, 
Marie Van Houtte, Etienne Levet, Maurice Bernardin, Comte se de 
Nadaillac, Bern it Comte, La France, Madame Ci. Wood, Marechal 
Niel, Mardehal Vaillant, Thos. Mill®, Baronne de Rothschild, Madame A. 
Lavallee, The Bride, Madame Victor Verdier, Souvenir de Paul Neyron, 
Mrs. Jowitt, Ulrich Brunner, Fisher Holmes, Perle des Jardins. Marie 
Baumann, Madame Bravy, Le Havre, Madame G. Luizet, Charles 
Lefebvre, and Auguste Rigotard. Nearly all of them were full, fresh, and 
beautiful, Lady Sheffield being perhaps the premier in the collection. 
Messrs. C. & W. H. Burch, Peterborough, very closely followed, and 
well won the second position with extremely bright young blooms, but 
rather small. Mr. J. House. Peterborough, was third with very good 
stands. Several stands were exhibifed not for competition, and amongst 
them one of Madame George BruaDt (Hybrid rugosa) from Messrs. 
Dicksons, and the large clusters of white flowers found many admirers. 
For twelve bunches of hardy perennials the first prize was won by 
Messrs. Dicksons, Limited, with splendid bunches of Phlox A. Matheson; 
Liliums Bloomerianum, longiflorum and testacum ; Gladioli delica- 
tissima and Prince of Wales; Delphinium ranuuculiflorum, Agrostemma 
Wahleri ; Cimicifuga racemosa. Helenium pumilum, Gaillardia grandi- 
flora, and Carnat’on Mrs. Reynolds Hole. M\ J. Riddell, gardener to the 
Earl of Carlisle, Castle Howard, was second with one of the best stands we 
have seen from a private garden. The chief prizes for bouquets were won 
by Messrs. Perkins & Son, Cov< ntry. 
Fruit was well represented by several good cultivator®. Mr. R. 
Dawes, gardener to Mr-’. Meynell Ingram, Temple Newsam, secured 
the foremost place with six dishes—namely, a Pine, Gros Colman and 
Foster’s Seedling Grapes, Peaches, Fig®, and a Melon, all excellent. 
Mr. W. Wallis, gardener to Sir Meysey Thompson, Bart., Kirby Hall, 
Leeds, was second with very good produce, and Mr. F. Hare, gardener 
to R. H. C. Neville, E‘q, Wellingore, Lincoln, third with a creditable 
collection. 
In the class for two bunches of black Grapes Mr. G. Anderson, 
gardener to A. Milnthorpe, E<q., Tower Hill, Cattal, York, outdistanced 
his competitors with fine Black Hamburghs, large in bunch and 
berries. Mr. J. Johnson, Boston Spa, was second with smaller but well 
finished bunches of the same variety, and Mr. Dawes third with Madres- 
field Court, large berries but not ripe, and injured in transit. With two 
bunches of white Grapes Mr. Anderson was first with large but not quite 
finished Muscats, Mr. Dawes second with well finished hut small Buckland 
Sweetwater, and Mr. Hare third with fine bunches of Foster’s Seedling, 
but apparently scarcely ripe. In the large bunch class Mr. Dawes secured 
the first prize with Muscat Hamburgh unthinned, weighing 3 lbs. II ozs. 
Mr. Anderson followed with Black Hamburgh, weighing 3 lbs. 7 ozs., the 
berries large and good. 
Very good Peaches were staged, the first prize for two dishes going to 
Mr. R. Harburn, gardener to A. K'tson, Esq., Roundhay, Leeds, 
varieties Royal George anl Noblesse, Mr. Dawe9 following closely with 
Bellegarde and Noblesse. He was easily first with Nectarines, Stanwick 
Elruge and Violette Hative ; also with Figs, N^gro Largo. Mr. Riddell 
won the first prize for Tomatoes, with splendid fruits of Perfection ; and 
Messrs. Quertier & Co., Fordingbridge (gardener, Mr. S. Castle) 
exhibited remarkably fine specimens not for competition. Mr. Riddell 
s aged by far the best Melons, and Mr. Harburn had the best Cucumbers, 
Lockie’s Pe fection. 
It should he added that the Show was held in connection with the 
International Exhibition in the Carlton Parade Ground. The space 
occupied i8 five acres. Articles of all kinds, useful and ornamental, are 
represented, and the manager, Mr. Joseph Davis, also provides high class 
music and entertainments for visitors. Mr. Davis was a great exhibitor 
of meteorological and other instruments at South Kensington a few years 
ago, and he is to be congratulate! on this Exhibition at Leeds. The 
Horticultural Show was managed by Mr. J. H. Cla k, many years 
Secretary of the Leeds Horticultural Society, and he achieved a gratifying 
success. The Exhibition was attended by thousands of v'sitors. 
FRUIT FORCING. 
Vines. — Vines in Pots for Early Forcing. —Those that are to be 
started in November should now have the wood ripe, thoroughly hard¬ 
ened, and the buds plump ; if not, and they are later than usual, keep 
the house rather warmer by day, 80° to 85°, closing early, so as to raise 
the temperature to 90° or 95°, and open the ventilators at night. AfEord 
water in sufficient quantity to prevent the leaves flagging, or liquid 
manure may be given to help them to plump the buds. The foliage 
cannot have too much light. Keep laterals well in check, leaving no 
more than are absolutely necessary to appropriate any sap that may be 
in excess of the leaf requirements, and so prevent the principal buds 
starting. When sufficiently ripened, as they are when the wood is 
brown and hard and the buds are prominent, they should be removed to 
a position outdoors in the full sun, standing on slates or boards in front 
of a south wall or fence, securing the canes to the face of the wall, only 
giving water to prevent the foliage falling prematurely, and having 
some waterproof material to throw the water from the pots. In 
this position they will rest even if the leaves are not shed. When 
the leaves turn yellow—give indications of falling—commence reducing 
the laterals ; and when the leaves are all off prune, cut the laterals, cut 
in closely, and cut back the canes to the length required, placing them in 
an airy shed or cool dry place until required for forcing. Keep the soil 
dry at their roots, and yet it must not be allowed become dust dry, 
placing some dry protective material about the pots. 
Earliest Forced House. —A dry atmosphere will now be required to 
thoroughly ripen the wood, but it will not be necessary to employ arti¬ 
ficial heat. All laterals and late growths must be kept stopped and 
complete rest afforded, having the border cool and moderately dry. The 
borders inside may require water, but if they have been mulched it may 
not be necessary, whilst outside borders will need!covering with dry straw 
or bracken in order to throw off heavy rains. This is absolutely neces¬ 
sary to insure the complete rest so essential for success with Vines long 
subjected to early forcing, a too moist condition of the soil tending to 
late growth, but there must be sufficient moisture to prevent the foliage 
ripening prematurely. In most cases it will be sufficient to allow a 
moderate extension of the laterals ; and where the Vines are in an un¬ 
satisfactory condition prepare for lifting at an early date, getting fresh 
loam and clean drainage, so that the work can be done quickly when 
started. There is no danger of losing a crop. Only operate upon a part 
of the border at once—say the inside border one year and the outside the 
following. It is desirable to lift the roots and place them in fresh soil 
nearer the surface whilst there is foliage upon the Vines ; therefore, 
work of this kind ought not to be delayed in. the case of Vines that are 
to be started early in December, which will need pruning by the middle 
of September, or a little later in the case of lifted Vines. 
Vines not Regularly Subjected to Early Forcing. —Vines that have 
not hitherto been started early will need, as soon as the crop is off, to be 
thoroughly cleansed by syringing or by the application of an insecticide ; 
and if there is any doubt about ripening the wood or plumping the buds 
