September 18, 1890. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
251 
1868, near Frontino in the state of Antioquia, while collecting 
plants in New Granada for M. Linden, and four years later by 
Butler while on a mission to the same region for Messrs. 
Backhouse, of York. The late M. Roezl placed its habitat in the 
state of Antioquia, near the river Cauca at a considerable distance 
above its confluence with the Magdalena, a locality upwards of 
600 miles distant from the native home, in Costa Rica, of the typical 
C. Dowiana.” 
CHERRIES FOR MARKET. 
[A paper by Mr. G. Bunyard, read at the Conference of the British Fruit Grower^’ 
Association, Crystal Fa'ace, September 5tli, 190.] 
Kent is the greatest Cherry producing county in England. They 
were introduced there in the time of Henry VIII, and put under the 
care of Richard Hains, the King’s fruiterer at Newington, a village near 
finest fruit, large, juicy, and of good colour, these orchards are main¬ 
tained by fatting sheep in them, such being well fed on corn, cake, and 
rich foods. Pigs are sometimes kept in such orchards, and in order to 
get direct benefit they should be penned in a limited space until the 
grass is eaten away, and then they are moved to the next space, and so 
on. It is better to do these limited portions thoroughly than to allow 
the animals a full run. During the time the leaves or fruits are on all 
cattle are kept out, as they will break the lower boughs, ard in young 
orchards do irreparable damage. 
In starting fresh plantations there are several ways of procedure— 
(a). If the land is already in grass, holes of 2 feet square are pre¬ 
pared, and the trees planted at 21 to 30 feet apart, the roots being as 
much upon the surface as possible, and they are “ cradled ” with chest¬ 
nut battens securely fixed. As this wide planting is a great loss of 
space, the smaller-growing Apples, Plums, and Damsons are planted 
Fig. 31.—CATTLEYA EMPRESS FREDERICK. 
Sittingbourne, on the main road from London to Dover, and the family 
is now represented there by men of the same name in the fruit trade. 
This parish still maintains its reputation as the best district for the 
culture of the Cherry, and in the deep brick earth there they attain to 
a great size, as much as 70 or 80 feet high. The annual sales attract 
buyers from all parts, and are the event of the year in the locality. 
The older orchards have been planted in a haphazard way, but the 
more modern are in straight lines at 24 to 48 feet apart, and are perfect 
visions of Paradise when in full flower with their graceful wreaths of 
snowy white, the beauty of which cannot be imagined by those who 
have never seen them ; in fact for the blossom alone Cherries are 
worthy of£a place in parks and garden enclosures. All these orchards 
are in grass, and form convenient sheltered spots for lambing and for 
cattle, which, however, are not put in when the leaves fall, or into 
young orchards where they eat the boughs. In order to produce the 
between them, such extra trees paying for their cost before the Cherries 
come to a profitable age ; and when the Cherry boughs meet the other 
trees, which would be in fifteen cr twenty years, they are cut out. 
Old Cherry orchards cannot be too highly manured, and one grower told 
me he had fatted about four sets of sheep per annum in his orchards, 
and that the Cherries were so fine that he sold the crop for £1000 on a 
small average ; but young orchards of Cherries should only be planted 
in the ordinary soil. 
(b). Another way, and one which brings a quicker return, is to 
plant Cherries at 30 feet apart, and fill up with Apples, Pears, or Plums 
at 15 feet, and then to plant the ground with Red or Black Currants 
and Gooseberries at 5 or 6 feet apart. In this case the land has to be 
dug annually and heavily manured in winter, but a crop is taken the 
second year, and in the fourth or fifth year the Apples and other fruits 
ome to bear, the Cherries following about the sixth or eighth year. 
