374 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ October 30, 1890. 
to those previously known in Britain. Even supposing that there 
originally were two wild species of Chrysanthemum in China or 
Corea (a view from which I dissent), the result, as above stated, 
would tend to show that they must have intercrossed freely with 
each other ; but all my observations go to prove that the weedy 
little single yellow Pompons, which so often come from the seeds 
saved from the finest and most modern of the large-flowered kinds, 
really imply reversion to first principles (ativism), and not the 
unmixing of two distinct wild plants naturally or artificially cross- 
fertilised. 
“ Botanically the Chrysanthemum is a glorified Ox-eye Daisy, 
trying hard to raise itself from a herbaceous perennial into an ever¬ 
green shrub. It belongs to the great natural family of the Daisy 
Flowers (Composite), and what we as gardeners call a ‘flower’ or 
a ‘bloom’ is really a flower head or capitulum (a) made up of 
100 or more separate individual flowers, all neatly arranged into a 
bouquet-like group, and held in their places by a cup-shaped 
common calyx or involucre, as shown in this diagram ( b ). In fact, 
composite flowers are made up on what I may call the paint-brush 
pnuciple, the florets representing the hair or bristles, and the 
involucre replaces the supports by which the hairs or component 
portions are held together, as here shown ( b ). The florets (c and d) 
are generally of two kinds, the outer or ray flowers being more or 
less ligulate (d), while the central or disc florets are tubular, as 
here shown (c). The outer or ray florets are female flowers 
having styles only, and no stamens, but the central or disc florets 
are hermaphrodite, being furnished with pollen-yielding anthers as 
well as with pollen-receiving bifid styles (e). The anthers (/) of 
the Chrysanthemum, as of all the members of the composite order,, 
are coherent by their margins or syngenesious, and they are, more¬ 
over, proterandrous—that is to say, the pollen is ripe and ready some 
days before the stigmas of the same flowers are fit for fertilisation^ 
In a v T ord, the Chrysanthemum had ages ago become naturally 
adapted for cross-fertilisation, and to that fact no doubt is due its- 
variability in nature and in our gardens.” 
EXHIBITION CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 
In submitting a tabulated analysis of the most successful 
varieties of the above I must apologise for the long delay which- 
has occurred from circumstances over which I had no control. 
Owing to a succession of severe frosts in October, 1888, the- 
record for that year is abnormal and unreliable. Consequently 
the results obtained may be dismissed in but few words. Among- 
incurved Empress of India still held pride of place, while Bronze 
Queen and Mrs N. Davis had both improved upon their previous posi¬ 
tion ; Charles Gibson and Lord Eversley, the only successful novelties, 
standing at 36 and 41 respectively. In the Japanese section 
Madame C. Audiguief continued to lead, Edwin Molyneux being 
a good second, having advanced forty-two places since the previous 
season. Ralph Brocklebank also rose considerably and tied with 
Jeanne Delaux. Avalanche and Madame Baco, the latter’s first 
appearance, scored twenty-six and eighteen wins each. Many old 
favourites have, however, lost ground heavily, notably Grandi- 
florum, while Bertie Rendatler, Comte de Germiny, Madame de 
FIRST FIFTY PRIZEWINNERS OF 1888. 
p< 
1886 
jsition in 
1887 1888 
Incurved. 
No. of 
Prizes. 
p< 
1886 
rsition 
1887 
DL 
1888 
Japanese. 
No. of 
Prizes. 
1 
1 
1 
Empress of India. 
74 
2 
1 
i 
Madame C. Audiguier .... 
60 
2 
4 
2 
Golden Empress ..... 
74 
• • 
44 
2 
Edwin Molyneux. 
56 
6 
5 
3 
Queen of England . 
71 
8 
7 
3 
Val d’Andorre ..... 
50 
7 
2 
4 
Lord Alcester 
70 
7 
8 
4 
Boule d’Or. 
47 
?} 
6 
5 
Lord Wolseley 
63 
1 
3 
5 
Jeanne Delaux. 
46, 
5 
3 
6 
Jeanne d’Arc 
60 
15 
6 
Mr. Ralph Brocklebank , . » . 
46- 
16 
7 
7 
Alfred Salter . 
58 
ii 
2 
7 
Belle Paule ...... 
45 
4 
11 
8 
Princess of Wales 
54 
13 
11 
8 
Criterion ....... 
44r 
8 
10 
9 
Prince Alfred . 
48 
10 
4 
9 
Meg Merrilies. 
43- 
~[0 
1 ^ 
1 0 
| Emily Dale.(27) ) 
3 
6 
10 
Mdlle. Lacroix ...... 
38- 
( Golden Queen... (19) j ’ * ‘ ‘ 
18 
12 
11 
Baronne de Prailly. 
36. 
20 
12 
11 
Jardin des Plantes .... 
43 
5 
9 
12 
Fair Maid of Guernsey . . . . 
35 
9 
8 
12 
John Salter. 
36 
41 
32 
13 
Gloriosum ...... 
32 
21 
16 
13 
Mr. Bunn 
30 
35 
14 
14 
Madame J. Laing 
32 
17 
18 
14 
Mrs. Heale . 
29 
... 
47 
15 
Avalanche 
26- 
15 
14 
15 
Lady Hardinge. 
25 | 
17 
21 
16 
Marguerite Marrouch. 
26- 
... 
23 
16 
Bronze Queen ..... 
23 
22 
20 
17 
Yellow Dragon .... 
25 
28 
13 
17 
Barbara ....... 
21 
9 
10 
18 
Thunberg . 
22: 
20 
22 
18 
Mrs. W. Shipman 
21 
16 
17 
19 
Elaine. 
21 
12 
19 
19 
Princess of Teck 
21 
... 
38 
20 
Carew Underwood . . ... 
20 
11 
28 
20 
Nil Desperandum . .... 
20 
24 
24 
21 
Duchess of Albany. 
18 
14 
20 
21 
Cherub . 
19 
... 
... 
22 
Madame Baco ...... 
18 
23 
40 
22 
White Venus 
18 
15 
16 
23 
Soleil Levant. 
18 
28 
24 
23 
Princess Beatrice . 
17 
4 
13 
24 
Comte de Germiny , . . . . 
15- 
33 
• • • 
24 
Venus........ 
17 
6 
19 
25 
Japonaise ...... 
15 
3(5 
17 
25 
Empress Eugenie. 
15 
... 
... 
26 
Mons. J. M. Pigny . . . . 
15 
25 
21 
26 
Refulgence. . . . . . . 
14 
27 
22 
27 
Maiden’s Blush ..... 
14 
. . . 
31 
27 
Mrs, N. Davis...... 
13 
31 
34 
28 
Mons. Tarin ...... 
14r 
35 
35 
28 
Mr. Brunlees ..... 
12 
44 
41 
29 
Mons. Freeman ..... 
13- 
34 
37 
29 
f Beverlev. (4) | . . . 
f 
... 
30 
Mrs. J. Wright ...... 
13. 
42 
46 
30 
j White Beverley (7) j . . . 
1 L 
19 
29 
31 
Mons. Brunet. 
11 
40 
33 
31 
Beauty . 
9 
26 
25 
32 
Mons. J. Laing. 
11 
19 
9 
32 
Hero of Stoke Newington . . . . 
9 
43 
39 
33 
La Triumohant ..... 
10' 
24 
41 
33 
Baron Beust. 
8 
. . . 
34 
Madame J. Pigny. 
10 
29 
25 
34 
Novelty ....... 
8 
12 
23 
34 
Mons. Astorg. 
10 
41 
29 
55 
Sir Stafford Carey ..... 
7 
... 
... 
36 
Stanstead White. 
9 
38 
44 
36 
Guernsey Nugget ..... 
6 
20 
31 
37 
Comtesse de Beauregard.... 
» 
... 
... 
37 
Charles Gibson . 
5 
• • • 
... 
38 
Florence Percy . . . . . . 
8- 
37 
26 
38 
Eve 
5 
... 
... 
39 
Mons. H. Elliott ..... 
8- 
39 
27 
39 
Mabel Ward .... 
5 
23 
42 
40 
Peter the Great. 
8- 
22 
32 
40 
Prince of Wales. 
5 
... 
... 
41 
Mrs. II. Cannell. 
T 
... 
... 
41 
Lord Eversley. .... 
4 
... 
... 
42 
Album Fimbriatum. 
6 
32 
... 
42 
Pink Venus 
4 
2S 
28 
43 
Bertie Rendatler. 
6 
45 
43 
43 
Bronze Jardin. 
3 
48 
44 
Dormillion. 
6. 
... 
... 
44 
Golden Beverley. 
3 
... 
... 
45 
Mr. H. Cannell ..... 
6 
26 
... 
45 
Lady Slade. 
3 
... 
... 
46 
Mr. Garner....... 
6 
... 
• • . 
46 
Mrs. Halliburton. 
3 
34 
40 
47 
Madame de Sevin. 
6 
... 
... 
47 
White Globe. 
3 
... 
36 
48 
Mdlle. Blanche Pigny . . . . 
6 
43 
47 
48 
Angelina ....... 
2 
... 
49 
Amy Furze ...... 
5- 
... 
... 
49 
Antonelli. 
2 
21 
27 
50 
Grandiflorum. 
5- 
46 
34 
50 
Golden Eagle. 
2 
I 
