October 30, 1890. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
895 
early and late Apples. We have had too much experience with fruits, 
and noticed their variation under different circumstances, to commit 
ourselves so far as to name any two or three as absolutely the “ best,” 
which would mean that all others are inferior to them. Besides, some 
varieties are the best for one property, some for another, such as size, 
quality, or productiveness. Again, some of the very early sorts are not 
so good as others that are a little later, while some excellent late Pears 
do not ripen in all positions. We can only say that three good Pears 
moderately early are Clapp’s Favourite, Beurr6 Superfin, and Louise 
Bonne of Jersey ; one midseasori, Doyennb du Comice ; three late, Glou 
Moreau, Josephine de Malines, and Bergamotte Esperen. We do not 
say that those are the “ best,” but we know they are good when in the 
best condition. Good early Apples are Irish Peach, Beauty of Bath, 
and Kerry Pippin ; for succeeding them, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Claygate 
Pearmain, and Braddick’s Nonpareil. You should have stated your 
object. Those named we do not consider the best for market purposes, 
and we have only named dessert Apples, presuming those are what you 
require. If you write again, please be more explicit. 
Destructive Caterpillars {R. A .).—These are the half-grown 
caterpillars of the great yellow underwing, Tryphacna pronuba, which 
has been abundant in many parts of England this autumn, though it is 
every season more or less troublesome to gardeners and farmers. It 
feeds from early autumn to spring, unless the weather be severe, and 
varies its operations by attacking the roots during the day, and then 
issues from the soil at night to gnaw the stems or crowns of plants. Gas 
lime, at the rate of 2 ozs. or 3 ozs. to the square yard, pointed in at the 
least a month before sowing or planting, is an excellent grub antidote, 
but injurious to crops if used in excess or at the time of inserting the 
plants. It should be well mixed with the soil near the surface. 
Rose Heps (TP. B .).—These are not in any way injured by remain¬ 
ing on the trees to be frozen to some extent ; indeed, it is questionable 
if severe frosts are detrimental to their germination. Gather them 
when ripe, open them, and store the seeds in damp cocoa-nut fibre 
refuse or leaf mould till spring. They may be sown either in pots or 
boxes in a frame on a mild hotbed, or in drills in the open ground in 
March. Artificial heat accelerates germination, but as the first essen¬ 
tial of the Bose is hardiness some raisers sow in the open on the assump¬ 
tion that only seedlings that prove their undoubted hardiness are 
reliable for propagation. Some of the seeds are often slow in germi¬ 
nating, therefore there must be no undue haste in disturbing the beds, 
or withholding water from pots or boxes in which the seeds have been 
sown. As you do not state your conveniences for raising the plants a 
choice of methods is given. Cover the seeds an inch deep, and keep 
the soil uniformly moist by shading to arrest evaporation, and watering 
to supply moisture as it may be required. 
Fungus on Celery {Inquirer ').—The name of the fungus which 
covers Celery leaves with dark brown spots is Puccinia apii. Mr. W. G. 
Smith says :—“When seeds are sown which have been gathered from 
diseased Celery plants the youngest seedlings suffer from the same 
disease as the parent plants. If alternate rows of seeds are sown, one 
row with seeds taken from diseased plants, the other from sound plants, 
the first row will exhibit diseased seedlings, and the other seedlings be 
free from disease. The same phenomenon holds good with seeds taken 
from diseased and sound Hollyhocks, with seeds from mildewed and 
clean corn, and with seeds and seedlings of other plants which suffer 
from the attacks of parasitic fungi. We have, with many facts like the 
above in view, expressed an opinion (which has, however, met with great 
opposition) that many diseases of plants, like certain diseases of animals, 
are hereditary. The spawn or mycelium of the fungus can sometimes 
be seen inside the seed. Our advice, therefore, always is—burn or 
deeply bury all infected foliage, stems, or roots, and never harvest seeds 
from diseased plants. In some cases of plant diseases, where the disease 
is known to be not hereditary, there is a strong tendency amongst 
certain breeds to take disease. In continental books the Celery fungus 
is now termed Puccinia bullata. The same parasite grows on Hemlock 
(Conium), Fool’s Parsley (zEthusa) as well as on Celery (Apium). The 
varieties have been distinguished as P. conii, P. sethusm, and P. apii. We 
doubt if there is any remedy for plants so seriously affected, and we can 
only suggest applications of sulphur. Seed should be obtained from 
another source next year, and the crop grown in another part of the 
garden.” 
Names of Fruits.—The names and addresses of senders of fruit 
to be named must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether 
letters referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are 
not necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only 
six specimens can be named at once, and any beyond that number cannot 
be preserved. {George Hawkins). —Golden Reinette. {Thomas Trollope). 
—Beauty of Kent. {C. C.). —Norfolk Stone Pippin. {Inquirer). — 
Washington. {W. S. Knareshorougli). — Unknown, probably a local 
variety. {Murroe). —1, Golden Noble ; 2, Coe’s Golden Drop ; Pear, 
Dr. Nelis. {J. W. Li). —1, Besspool; 2, Mere de Menage ; 3. Alfriston. 
{J. W. R. Formhy) —1, Fondante d’Automne ; 2, Easter Beurr6; 3, 
Josephine de Malines; 5, Northern Greening ; 6, Winter Greening. 
Names of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, dry 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once,, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
{Inquirer ).—Tecoma radical. {A. H.).~ 1, Aster laxus ; 2, Aster 
Novas Belgii ; 3, Helianthus lastiflorus; 5, Helianthus decapetalus 
{R. C.). —1, Aster horizontalis ; 2, Pyrethrum uliginosum ; 3, Aster 
Novae Angliae. {R. M .).—Arundo Phragmites. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. —October 29th. 
Nothing of importance to note, 
equal to demand. 
Business remains with no alteration, and supplies- 
FRUIT. 
0. 
d. 
0. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Apples, £ sieve .. .. .. 
2 
6 
to 6 
0 
Lemons, case. 
35 
Oto 45 
0 
„ Nova Scotia and 
Melons, each . 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
o 
Canada, per barrel 
0 
0 
0 
0 
4 
0 
9 
0 
„ Tasmanian, p. case 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Peaches, dozen. 
3 
0 
12 
0 
Grapes, per lb. 
0 
9 
3 
0 
Plums, J sieve. 
4 
0 
9 
a 
Kentish Filberts, 100 lbs. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each.. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
„ Cobs „ 
70 
0 
75 
0 
Strawberries, per lb. 
0 
0 
0 
(V 
VEGETABLES. 
0. 
d. 
0. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
0. 
d. 
Artichokes, dozen .. .. 
0 
0 
to 0 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet .. 
l 
6 
to 2 
(b 
Asparagus, bundle .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mustard & Cress, punnet 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. .. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Onions, bushel. 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Brussels Sprouts, j sieve 
1 
9 
2 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
0 
or 
Cabbage, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Carrots, bunch .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
„ New, per lb. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen.. .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Rhubarb, bundle .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0. 
Celery, bundle. 
1 
0 
1 
8 
Salsafy, bundle .. .. 
1 
0 
1 
e 
Coleworts, doz. buncheB 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle .. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Cucumbers, doz. .. .. 
2 
0 
8 
6 
Seakale, per bkt. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen .. .. .. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Shallots, per lb. 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Herbs, bunch. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
1 
0 
9 
0 
Leeks, bunch. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Lettuce, dozen .. .. .. 
0 
9 
1 
s 
Turnips, bunch .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
4 
CUT 
FLOWERS. 
S. 
d. 
0. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
4 
0 to 8 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
2 
0 to 6 
O' 
Asters, per bunch, French 
„ English, 12 bnchs. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
4 
0 
9 
0 
bunches. 
4 
0 
9 
O' 
Bouvardias, bunch .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches.. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Carnations, 12 bunches .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Pansies, dozen bunches .. 
Pelargoniums, 12 trusses 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Chrysanthemum, 12 blms. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
„ scarlet, 12 bnchs 
4 
0 
6 
0 
,, 12 bunches 
4 
0 
12 
0 
Pinks (various),doz.bchs. 
Primula(double)12 sprays 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Cornflower, doz. bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Dahlias, dozen bunches.. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Roses (indoor), dozen .. 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Eucharis, dozen .. .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
,, Red (Eng.),12 bch. 
4 
0 
8- 
a 
Forget-me-not, doz. bnch. 
1 
6 
4 
0 
„ Red, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
„ Tea, white, dozen.. 
0 
6 
2 
0 
Gladiolus, 12 bunches .. 
8 
0 
18 
0 
„ Yellow. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Gypsophiia, per bunch .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Stocks, dozen bunches .. 
0 
0 
0 
a 
Lapageria, 12 blooms 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Sweet Peas, 12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lavender, dozen bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms .. 
Violets (Parme) .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
9 
Lilac (French) per bunch 
5 
0 
6 
0 
2 
6 
3 
6 
Lilium, various, 12 blms. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
„ (dark) . 
1 
0 
2 
O 
„ longiflorum,12 blms. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
„ (English), doz.bnch 
1 
0 
2 
a 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
0. 
d. 
0. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
3r 
Aralia Sieboldi, dozen .. 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Geraniums Scarlet, p. doz. 
2 
Oto 6 
0 
Arbor Vitae (golden) doz. 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Heliotrope, per doz. .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Asters, dozen pots .. .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Hydrangea, doz. pots .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Calceolaria, per doz. .. 
Chrysanthemum, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lilium lancifolium, doz. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
6 
0 
24 
0 
„ longiflorum, doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Climbing Plants, various, 
Lily of the Valley, 12 pots 
0 
0 
0 
0 
dozen pots. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Lobelia, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Dracaena terminalis, doz. 
24 
0 
42 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
„ viridis, dozen .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Erica, Cavendishi, per pt. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Musk, per dozen .. .. 
Myrtles, dozen. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ various, dozen 
12 
0 
18 
0 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Euonymus, var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Nasturtiums, dozen pots 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Palms, in var., each.. .. 
2 
6 
21 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen.. 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Pelargoniums, per doz. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Ficus elastica, each.. .. 
1 
6 
7 
0 
Rhodanthe, per dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
& 
Foliage plants, var., each 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Stocks, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
a 
Fuchsia, per doz. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Tropseolums, various, per 
0 
Geraniums, Ivy, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
dozen . 
0 
0 
O'. 
THE NEW “ROYAL” JOURNAL. 
Much more valuable than any former efforts of his is another 
article on “Covered Cattle Yards,” by Mr. W. J. Moscrop, in the 
new number of the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of 
England, because it goes so carefully into details, and is therefore' 
