November 13, 1890. J 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
437 
good varieties not in your list. Of dessert Apples you do not appear to 
have Cox’s Orange Pippin, Clavgate Pearmain, or Braddick’s Nonpareil, 
which are all good for winter use. Of culinary Apples you may add 
Small’s Admirable, Bramley’s Seedling, and New Northern Greening. 
The fruit you send is, we think, Warner’s King, though it is not named 
in your list. 
Figs — Pears (F. Smitli ).—Your question about the Figs cannot 
be answered from an examination of the leaves alone. Restrict the 
root action of the trees to expedite their bearing, then send us fruit and 
foliage as well. They would probably bear the sooner if grown in pots. 
Easter Beurrb is an uncertain Pear, succeeding well in some localities 
and not in others. If it bears and ripens well in your district you may 
safely plant it. Bergamotte Esperen and Olivier des Serres are good 
late Pears. The most profitable example of Pear culture we have seen 
this year was in the form of large freely grown open bushes of Pitmas- 
ton Duchess on the Pear stock. The handsome fruits, of which there 
were a few tons, were sold in Covent Garden at from 4s. to Os. a dozen. 
Trees of the same variety planted at the same time on Quince stocks 
were practically worthless. 
Culture of Cassia corymbosa (C. D. R .).—The plant of which 
you sent a spray is a native of Buenos Ayres, and was introduced to 
this country at the close of the last century. It is a member of the 
natural order Leguminosm, and bears the name given above. It 
succeeds well in a greenhouse or other cool house, and also does well 
out of doors in the summer ; but it is not hardy, and it would not be 
safe in a border during the winter unless the situation is very warm 
and sheltered. A compost of turfy loam, a little well-decayed manure, 
leaf soil, and sand meet its requirements ; but it will grow fairly well 
in almost any ordinary garden soil. Your plant is in excellent health, 
the foliage being remarkably vigorous. The best plan would be to 
transfer it to a conservatory, where it could be trained to a wall, pillar, 
or roof. 
Potting- Iiiliums (S. T .).—A compost of two-thirds of turfy loam 
and one-third of turfy peat with sufficient sand and crushed charcoal 
to keep the soil porous will be suitable. The bulbs may be potted now, 
surrounding them with sand, and covering them an inch or more deep. 
If you place them at once in the pots in which they are intended to 
flower the pots should not be quite filled with soil, but space should be 
allowed for top dressings. If the pots can be buried in moist cocoa-nut 
fibre refuse or ashes there will be less danger of the bulbs being injured 
by mistakes in watering. A cold frame or the floor of a greenhouse 
will be suitable for accommodating the pots until the plants commence 
growing, when they must have a light position and abundance of air. 
They thrive well plunged in ashes in the open air in summer—better 
indeed than in a greenhouse, unless the structure is very light. 
IVXyrsiphyllum asparagoides (M. T .).—It is a useful, easily 
grown plant, and one of our correspondents especially commends it for 
covering the back walls of vineries. He says “ I planted it along 
the back wall of a vinery here last season, and trained it up by 
simply tying small strings to the bottom and top wires. The shoots 
soon took to these, and no more attention was required in the way of 
training. It is astonishing how closely the shoots keep twining them¬ 
selves round the string, though resting against the intermediate wires. 
In no case did a shoot get behind a wire or twist itself round one, so 
that I cut any number of shoots up to 11 feet in length beautifully 
covered from top to bottom with its glossy foliage. The strings can be 
easily drawn out when the shoot is cut. These long sprays are simply 
invaluable in table decoration, as they can be twisted about in any form 
desired. I am just now preparing sufficient plants for five or six other 
houses in the same way. The plant is easily raised from seed. After it 
is established it keeps throwing up young shoots year after year. I cut 
twenty dozens of those long sprays during the Christmas week. Anyone 
who has much house and table decoration to do can easily understand 
what the value of those would be at such a time.” 
Manure for Orchids (0. R. N .).—The following, which describes 
the experience of an old Orchid grower, will answer your question. It 
is no new thing to use manure in the compost for terrestrial Orchids. 
It has been recommended and practised in gardens for many years and 
with the best results for Calanthes, Bletias, Phajus, Cypripediums, and 
others. Cow manure carefully prepared and added to the compost is a 
decided advantage with such plants as Cypripediums of a strong growing 
nature. It is best to use it near the surface, so that at the end of each 
season any that remains can be readily removed. Manure in a liquid 
state, made from steeping cow manure in water, has been repeatedly 
given to these plants with the most beneficial results. Soot water in a 
clear state is stimulating also. A bag of soot steeped in a tank with 
cow manure and used in a weak state is a splendid stimulant. We have 
tried its effects, not only on Calanthes, Bletias, and Phajus, but fre¬ 
quently on Cypripedium insigne. With the latter, plants as nearly 
equal in all respects as possible were selected, and some watered with the 
liquid during the season of growth, and the others with pure water only. 
The stimulant had the effect of producing finer growth of a deeper 
colour and larger flowers. The liquid is also good for Coelogynes, 
Lycastes, and strong-growing Zvgopetalums. Suitable artificial manures 
might also be beneficial to these plants. Some have been tried, but the 
manure and solution referred to were preferred. Artificial manures are 
not used in the compost for epiphytal Orchids. A weak liquid from 
cow manure syringed amongst the pots and about the floors of the house, 
to be evaporated and taken up by the plants from the atmosphere. 
Use manure and liquid most cautiously. When we look at the excellent 
results attained by good culture without manure or liquid in the case of 
epiphytal Orchids we have grave doubts of any improvement to warrant 
the risk. In some cases, Dendrobiums for instance, larger pseudo-bulbs- 
and foliage may have resulted, but whether this is an advantage remains- 
to be proved. It is wise to experiment in this matter, for by so doing 
only can reliable knowledge be obtained. But before the practice is- 
taken up generally it is necessary to know whether strong growths and 
bold foliage made under pressure by the aid of forcing artificials are- 
likely to prolong or shorten the life of the plant. 
Names of Fruits. —The names and addresses of senders of fruit 
to be named must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether 
letters referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are 
not necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only 
six specimens can be named at once, and any beyond that number cannot 
be preserved. (II. J. Williams ).—The Apple is Reinette de Canada. 
“ Botany for Beginners,” by Dr. Masters, will suit you. (IF. E. X .).— 
We believe the Apple to be the old Foxwhelp, a noted Herefordshire- 
Cider Apple. (Thomas Nine). —1, Comte de Lamy Pear ; 2, Ribston 
Pippin ; 3, Northern Greening ; 4, Fearn’s Pippin ; 5, Benoni; 6, Court 
Pendfi Plat. (R. C. Appleton).— 1, Beurrb Capiaumont ; 2, Duchesse- 
d’Angouleme ; 3, Beurre Diel. (F. Jellico).—Ye rulam. The cracking- 
is due to the soil. Is it light and sandy ? 
Names of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants* 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern frond& 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, dry 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures* 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(J. H. Yorli ).—The box was received, but as you had not secured the- 
numbers to the specimens enclosed we cannot name them so that yon 
could recognise them. (R-). —1, Adiantum trapeziforme ; 2, Adiantuns 
cuneatum ; 3, Adiantum macrophyllum. 
COYENT GARDEN MARKET.— November 12th. 
Market quiet with good supplies. Prices unaltered. 
FRUIT. 
B. 
Apples, £ sieve.1 
„ Nova Scotia and 
Canada, per barrel 15 
„ Tasmanian, p. case 0 
Grapes, per lb.0 
Kentish Filberts, 100 lbs. 0 
„ Cobs „ 70 
B. 
Artichokes, dozen .. .. 0 
Asparagus, bundle .. 0 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. .. 0 
Beet, Red, dozen .. .. 1 
Brussels Sprouts, J sieve 1 
Cabbage, dozen .. .. 1 
Carrots, bunch .. .. 0 
Cauliflowers, dozen.. .. 2 
Celery, bundle.1 
Coleworts, doz. bunches 2 
Cucumbers, doz. .. .. 2 
Endive, dozen.1 
Herbs, bunch.0 
Leeks, bunch.0 
Lettuce, dozen. 0 
B. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 4 
Asters, per bunch, French 0 
„ English, 12 bnchs. 4 
Bouvardias, bunch .. 0 
Carnations, 12 bunches .. 6 
„ 12 blooms .. 1 
Chrysanthemum, 12 blrns. 1 
„ 12 bunches 4 
Eucharis, dozen .. .. 3 
Gardenias, 12 blooms .. 4 
Gypsophila, per bunch .. 0 
Lapageria, 12 blooms .. 2 
Lavender, dozen bunches Tl 
Lilac (French) per bunch 5 
Lilium, various, 12 blms. 0 
„ longiflorum,12 blms. 4 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
bunches.4 
Marguerites, 12 bunches 2 
Mignonette, 12 bunches.. 2 
8. 
Aralia Sieboldi, dozen .. 6 
Arbor Vitae (golden) doz. 6 
Asters, dozen pots ;.. .. 0 
Calceolaria, per doz. .. 0 
Chrysanthemum, per doz. 6 
Climbing Plants, various, 
dozen pots.4 
Dracaena terminalis, doz. 24 
„ viridis, dozen .. 12 
Erica, Cavendishi, per pt. 0 
„ various, dozen .. 12 
Euonymus, var., dozen .. 6 
Evergreens,in var., dozen 6 
Ferns, in variety, dozen.. 4 
Ficus elastica, each.. .. 1 
Foliage plants, var., each 2 
Fuchsia, per doz.0 
Geraniums, Ivy, per doz. 0 
d. 
s. 
a. 
8. 
6 
to 2 
6 
Lemons, case. 
35 
Melons, each. 
1 
0 
2G 
0 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 
4 
0 
0 
0 
Peaches, dozen.. 
3 
9 
3 
0 
Plums, j sieve. 
4 
0 
0 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each.. 
2 
0 
75 
0 
Strawberries, per lb. 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
a. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
0 
to o 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet .. 
i 
0 
0 
0 
Mustard & Cress, punnet 
0 
8 
0 
0 
Onions, bushel. 
8 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
2 
9 
2 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
3 
4 
0 
0 
„ New, per lb. .. 
0 
0 
4 
0 
Rhubarb, bundle .. .. 
0 
0 
1 
3 
Salsafy, bundle .. .. 
1 
0 
4 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle .. . . 
1 
0 
3 
6 
Seakale, per bkt. 
2 
0 
0 
0 
Shallots, per lb. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
1 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
0 
9 
1 
8 
Turnips, bunch . . .. 
0 
CUT 
FLOWERS. 
a. 
8 . 
a. 
8 . 
Oto 8 
0 
Mimosa (Fnch.), per bnch. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Narciss (Paper - white), 
0 
9 
0 
French, doz. bunches .. 
4 
6 
1 
0 
Do. Do. English, 
0 
9 
0 
per bunch . 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 trusses 
0 
0 
8 
0 
„ scarlet, 12 bnchs 
4 
0 
12 
0 
Pinks (various), doz. bchs. 
0 
0 
6 
0 
Primula(double)12 sprays 
0 
0 
6 
0 
Roses (indoor), dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ Red, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
4 
0 
„ Tea, white, dozen.. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ Yellow. 
3 
0 
7 
6 
Stocks, dozen bunches .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Sweet Peas, 12 bunches 
0 
0 
6 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms .. 
0 
Violets (Parme) .. .. 
2 
0 
9 
0 
„ (dark) . 
1 
0 
6 
0 
„ (English), doz.bnch 
1 
0 
4 
0 
Wallflower, doz. bunches 
3 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
d. 
8 . 
a. 
8. 
0 to 12 
0 
Geraniums Scarlet, p. doz. 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Heliotrope, per doz. .. 
4 
0 
0 
0 
Hydrangea, doz. pots .. 
9 
0 
0 
0 
Lilium lancifolium, doz. 
0 
0 
24 
0 
„ loDgiflorum, doz. 
0 
Lily of the Valley, 12 pots 
0 
0 
9 
0 
Lobelia, per doz. 
0 
0 
42 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen .. 
4 
0 
0 
0 
Musk, per dozen .. .. 
0 
0 
18 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Nasturtiums, dozen pots 
0 
0 
24 
0 
Palms, in var., each.. .. 
2 
0 
18 
0 
Pelargoniums, per doz. .. 
0 
6 
7 
0 
Rhodanthe, per dozen .. 
0 
0 
10 
0 
Stocks, per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Tropteolums, various, per 
0 
0 
0 
dozen . 
0 
s. a. 
2 
9 
12 
9 
6 
0 
O 
O 
0 
0 
o 
0 
o 
d. s. d. 
6 to 2 0 
2 n 
s. a. 
10 0 
o 
o 
6 O 
o a 
0 9 
3 G 
2 O- 
2 O 
6 O 
6 
18 
0 
0 
0 
0 
a. 
o 
o 
o 
0 
o 
0 
D 
12 O 
6 O 
0 O 
12 O 
0 0 
21 0 
0 0 
0 O 
0 0 
0 0 0 0 
