December 11 . 1890. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
519 
placed in the hands of a competent planter. The outlay for trees 
would have been infinitely less, the nurses or temporary trees 
would have been Larch, growing into money by the time thinning 
became necessary, instead of more costly trees good for nothing at 
the thinning but faggot wood. 
Small clumps may often be seen where only a single tree was 
required, and the effect of the foliage is very similar to that of one 
appearance in the earlier stages of growth, and with age the Cedar 
will assume the typical form, becoming more round headed and 
more effective, for the appearance of a large specimen of the silvery 
Atlantica is very striking, affording a fine contrast to the Purple 
Beech. To this eventually will be conjoined the ruddy hue of the 
bark of the Scotch Fir, and its picturesque effect as the tapering 
form departs with its lower branches. Near it the Silver Birch 
Fig. 69.—1. White Birch ; 2. Lime (Tilia mississipiensis) ; 3. Scotch Fir ; 4. Purple Beech ; 5. Cedrus atlantica glauca ; 
6. Acacia Decaisneana ; x x. Common Ash. 
tree if the trees are all of the same kind ; but however well such 
clumps are placed they never please the eye like a fine specimen, 
as at best they are just a formal mass of foliage, all sense of 
■dignity and grace being lost in the absurdity of an effect of a manv- 
degged tree. 
Fig. 09 represents a small group, one of several in course of 
being planted in a park. The two Ash trees were in a hedgerow 
■which has been cut down and grubbed, the trees being retained to 
form part of the group as shown. Without giving actual portraits 
of the trees the outlines are sufficiently characteristic of their 
! will be in fine contrast, and with the Lime and Acacia will combine 
to form an attractive and telling group. Farther up the line of 
the old hedgerow there are five Ash trees, also retained to form a 
bolder group with a Cedar of Lebanon, Turkey Oak, Scarlet Oak, 
two Pinus austriaca, Tulip Tree, common Lime, Horse ChestniP, 
Fern-leaved Beech, Purple-leaved Maple, Scotch Fir, and the 
Aucuba-leaved Ash. This will become a very fire group as the 
trees gain size, and it may be fairly given as an example for the 
clump for all seasons of the year, the characteristics of which are 
explained at the beginning of this paper. The turf sweeps gently 
