July 15, 188G. ] 
57 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
and kept there till the Roses flower if desired. There are no better plants 
for growing under Vines in summer than Ferns, and with good manage¬ 
ment these do no harm to the Grapes. Plants of the Rex type of Begonias 
grow and colour well in the shade. Palms also succeed very well, and are 
ornamental, while excellent Orchids have been grown in vineries. See 
page 72 of Mr Castle’s interesting work on Orchids, which can be had from 
this office in return for Is. 2d. in stamps. 
Grubs Infesting Strawberries (W. Wallace). —The insect forwarded is 
the larvae or grub of the red-legged weevil (Otiorhynchus tenebricosus), 
sometimes called also the Apricot weevil, because the beetles infest the 
buds and young shoots of that and other fruit trees in the spring, after¬ 
wards depositing eggs on the ground. The grubs occur during summer at 
the roots of Strawberries, Raspberries, and Currants, now and then amongst 
such veg tables as Cabbages. Little can be done against this insect in the 
case of Strawberries, at least during the fruiting season, except watering 
with clear lime water, or perhaps with a decoction of quassia chips ; subse¬ 
quently the surface soil should he removed and burnt where there have been 
infected plants, and free application made of the solution of petroleum and 
softsoap, often recommended, or gas liquor suitably diluted. 
Annuals ( Stretton ).—Annuals are defined as plants that, if raised from 
seed, grow, flower, perfect their seel, and die in a year, but several plants 
which under cultivation are usually treated as annuals are really perennials. 
For instance, you mention Mignonette, of which a variety in the Mediter¬ 
ranean region becomes quite shrubby, and under glass the common 
Mignonette can be grown to a height of 3 feet or more with woody stems, 
if the flowers are removed until the desired size is gained. In England, as 
ordinarily treated, the Castor Oil plant is an annual, but in Italy and else¬ 
where it is shrubby and lives for several years. Wheat is an annual if sown 
in spring, but when sown in autumn it is regarded as a biennial; on the 
other hand, Lolium perenne is an annual. Other annual plants may have 
their duration prolonged by removing the flowers, and if you try some 
experiments we should be glad to learn the results. Summer-pinching fruit 
trees is undoubtedly beneficial. 
The Barometer and Thermometer —Dry and Moist Air {Quill Pen)- 
—The thermometer shows the weight of the air by means of mercury in a 
tube open at one end. When the air is dry, deficient in vapour, or calm, it 
is heavier than usual, and presses more upon the mercury in the well or 
cistern of the barometer (concealed by the woodwork), and forces up the 
mercury ; then the mercury is said to stand high. When the air is moist 
or filled with vapour or windy, it is lighter than usual, and the pressure 
consequently diminishing on the mercury in the cistern, the column in the 
tube falls, and is said to be low. Now all these changes are observed in 
different kinds of weather, and as the barometer shows them for the most 
part before the changes actually come on, we see how it can be used as a 
weather-instrument. In a thermometer the mercury is sealed up from the 
air entirely, instead of being open to it at the bottom in a cistern, as in the 
barometer, and the mercury rises or falls as the varying temperature or 
degree of heat expands or contracts it. The heat of the air passes through 
the glass tube to the mercury and causes it to expand, whilst by the effect 
of cold it contracts; and so the thread of mercury rises or falls with heat 
or cold respectively 
Roses for Successional Flowering ( Pen and Ink). —Situation has a con¬ 
siderable influence on Roses. Those against a south wall flower very much 
earlier than the same kinds in the open ground, and plants in that position 
also give flowers late, we having had them in December, when those in the 
open did not expand. Our earliest were the China Roses, the old Monthly, 
so much este med formerly, and now so much neglected, its blush flowers 
being really beautiful when about half expanded, and contrast finely with 
the old Purple, a most abundant bloomer. Clara Sylvain, white; and 
Louise Phillippe, reddish crimson, are fine. They do well planted at the 
foot of south walls, and given liberal treatment— i.e., copious supplies of 
water, liquid manure, and mulching, flower abundantly from early summer 
to late autumu. If ycu could supplement them with some Tea-scented on 
a south wall you would be making provision for an early and late supply of 
flowers. Niphetos for such position is capital, and may he treated as a 
bush, and Bimilar remarks apply to Jules Finger, Innocente Pirola, Madame 
Celina Noirey, and Lady Mary Fitzwilliam. For climbers Gloire de Dijon, 
Reine Marie Henriette, and Ch r shunt Hybrid, all Teas ; and of Noisette, 
Lamarque, Sombreuil, Celine Forestier, and William Allen Rich rdson. 
In the open have Gloire de Dijon of Teas, and of Bourbons Acidalie, 
Queen of Bedders, and Souvenir de la Malmaison; and of Perpetual 
Moss, Blanche Moreau, Mousseline, and Eugenie Verdier. Of Hybrid 
Perpetuals we name twenty-five, as you can probably find other 
positions for those named above—La France, Duchess of Connaught, 
Countess of Rosebery, Duchess of Bedford, John Hopper, Alfred 
Colomb, A. K. Williams, Charles Lefebvre, Boule de Neige, Auguste 
Newmann, Baroness Rothschild, White Baroness, Mons. E. Y. T as, 
Marquise de Castellane, Madame Victor Verdier, Marechal Vaillant, Mdlle. 
Marie Verdier, Souvenir de Madame Berthier, Senateur Vaisse, Royal 
Standard, Reine du Midi, Princess Mary of Cambridge, Mdlle. Marie Rady, 
Lord Frederick Cavendish, and I>ady Sheffield. With these you will have 
a good lot of Roses, and have flowers over a lengthened period. Marechal 
Niel Roses are very poor as a rule this year outdoors, the cold weather 
stunted the growth, and the la‘e heat was not favourable to the expansion 
of the flowers. Thin the old growths, and train young shoots in their 
place. These are much the freest flowering, and the flowers are far the 
best formed. You may feed liberally so as to encourage a strong growth, 
which should have full exposure to the light and air to ensure the wood 
ripening. The Rose in greenhouse may he cut back, the old flowering 
growths being removed, and other encouraged in their place for next year’s 
bloom. 
Insects on Cucumbers ( Young Market Gardener). —The plants have not 
had the requisite attention, and the frames have been kept too dry. Have 
you tried fumigation for destroying the insects ? Filling the frames 
moderately with tobacco smoke for two or three consecutive nights, and 
shading the following days if sunny, might do good. The leaves of the 
plants should be dry when fumigating, but the earth may be moist. Another 
plan, more tedious, but perhaps more effectual, is to remove all faulty 
leaves, and with a soft sponge dab a solution of softsoap and tobacco water . 
on the under sides of the leaves remaining, taking care not to break or 
injure them. Two ounces of softsoap dissolved in a gallon of water, 
stirring in about a pint of tobacco liquor would, we think, kill all the insects 
to which it was fully applied. If the plants are fairly healthy it will be 
worth while devoting a few hours to cleansing them. We should also 
work in fresh soil, quite covering the old, and give more water towards the 
evening of hot days. If the Cucumbers fail it is impossible for us to say bow 
you could best occupy the frames, as we do not know what you have to put 
in them. Very strong Tomato plants, now showing flower and fruit, would, 
perhaps, ripen fair crops with good management, hut you had better try and 
save the Cucumbers. 
Names of Plants.—We only undertake to name species of plants, not 
varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry 
cotton wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once. 
{A. W.). —l,Plan ra Richardi; 2, Catalpa syringsefolia. {Nil ).—We only 
received five specimens, and owing to the numbers being written on a soft 
paper, which had become saturated, they were in several cases illegible. 
1, Lychnis chalcedoDica; 3, Veronica spicata variety; G, Scabiosa succisa. 
The spike of whitish flowers is Francoa ramosa, and the Begonia resembles 
B. natalensis, hut the specimen had no flowers. {L. M. W .).—The shrub is 
Philadelphus grandiflorus, a native of North America, having been intro¬ 
duced from Carolina in 1811. Several other species of Philadelphus are 
grown in gardens ; P. coronarius, the Garland Flower, Mock Orange, or 
Syringa, being the best known. There are varieties of this with double 
flowers, variegated leaves, and dwarf habit, each bearing appropriate names. 
P. Gordonianus is also a favourite plant. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— July 14th. 
Heavy supplies to hand, with business quiet. 
FRUIT. 
s. d. s. d. 
Apples.J sieve 0 0 to 0 0 
Cobs, Kent .. per 100 lbs. 0 0 0 0 
Figs . dozen SO 4 0 
Grapes.lb. 1 0 SO 
Lemons.case 10 0 15 0 
Melon .each 10 2 6 
Cherries.4 sieve 3 0 6 0 
s. d. B. d 
Oranges . 100 4 0 to 6 o 
Peaches.perdoz. 4 0 10 0 
Pine Apples English., lb. 2 0 3 0 
Plums. J sieve 0 0 0 0 
St. Michael Pines ..each 4 0 6 0 
Strawberries .. .. per lb. 0 6 10 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
d. 
8 
d 
s. 
d. 
s 
. d 
Artichokes ,. . 
dozen 
l 
0 
to 0 
0 
Lettuce .. 
0 to 1 
6 
Asparagus .. . 
bundle 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Mushrooms 
.. ..punnet 0 
6 
1 
0 
Beans, Kidney 
lb. 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Mustard and Cress punnet 0 
2 
0 
0 
Beet, Red .. .. 
dozen 
i 
0 
2 
0 
Onions .. 
s 
c 
0 
Broccoli. 
bundle 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley .. dozen bunches 2 
0 
8 
0 
Brussels Sprouts . 
4 sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsnips .. 
0 
2 
0 
Cabbage . 
dozen 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Potatoes .. 
0 
5 
0 
Capsicums .. . 
100 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Kidney .. cwt. 4 
e 
5 
0 
Carrots. 
bunch 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Rhubarb.. 
3 
0 
0 
Cauliflowers .. 
dozen 
4 
0 
< 
0 
Salsafy .. 
0 
1 
6 
Celery . 
bundle 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Scorzonera 
. .. bundle 1 
6 
0 
0 
Coleworts dcz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Seakale .. . 
. per basket 0 
0 
0 
0 
Cucumbers .. .. 
each 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Shallots .. . 
S 
0 
0 
Endive. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Spinach .. 
0 
4 
0 
Herbs . 
bunch 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes 
.lb. o 
4 
0 
6 
Leeks .. . 
bunch 
0 
8 
0 
4 
Turnips .. . 
,, bunch 0 
4 
0 
6 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
s 
d 
8. 
d. 
s. d 
S. 
d. 
Aralia Sieboldi .. 
dozen 9 
0 to 18 
0 
Ficus elastica 
.. each 1 6 
to 
7 
0 
Arbor vitae (golden) dozen 0 
0 
0 
0 
Fuchsia 
per dozen 4 0 
9 
0 
,, (common) 
dozen 6 
0 
12 
0 
Foliage Plants, 
var. each 2 0 
10 
0 
Arum Lilies .. .. 
dozen 0 
0 
0 
0 
Genistas 
.. dozen 0 0 
0 
0 
Azaleas. 
dozen 0 
0 
0 
0 
Hydrangea .. 
per dozen 6 0 
12 
0 
Bedding Plants, var. 
doz. 1 
0 
2 
0 
Ivy Geraniums 
per dozen 3 0 
6 
0 
Begonias .. .. 
dozen 6 
0 
9 
0 
Lilies of the 
Valley, in 
Calceolaria .. per 
dozen 4 
0 
9 
0 
pots, per doz. 0 0 
0 
0 
Cineraria 
dozen 0 
0 
0 
0 
Lobelias .. .. 
per dozen 8 0 
4 
0 
Cyclamen .. .. 
dozen 0 
0 
0 
0 
Marguerite Daisy dozen 6 0 
9 
0 
Cyperus . 
dozen 4 
0 
12 
0 
Mignonette .. 
per dozen 3 0 
s 
0 
Dracaena terminalis, dozen 30 
0 
60 
0 
Musk .. .. 
per dozen 2 0 
4 
0 
„ viridis .. 
Erica, various 
Euonymus, in var. 
dozen 12 
0 
24 
0 
Myrtles .. .. 
12 
0 
dozen 12 
0 
24 
0 
Palms, in var. 
.. each 2 6 
21 
0 
dozen 6 
0 
18 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 3 0 
6 
0 
Evergreens, in var. 
dozen 6 
0 
24 
0 
Pelargoniums 
per dozen 6 0 
15 
0 
Ferns, in variety .. 
dozen 4 
0 
18 
0 
Spiraea .. .. 
13 
9 
CUT FLOWERS. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
Abntilons 
12 bunches 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Lily of the Valley, 12 sprays 
0 
0 to 0 
9 
Anemone .. 
doz. bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Marguerites .. 
12 bunches 
8 
0 
6 
0 
Arum Lilies . 
12 blooms 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Mignonette .. 
12 bunches 
8 
0 
6 
0 
Azalea .. .. 
12 sprays 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pelargoniums, per 12 trusses 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Bouvardias . 
per bunch 
0 
6 
1 
0 
„ scarlet, 12 trusses 
0 
4 
0 
8 
Camellias 
12 blooms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Paeonies, various 12 b’ooms 
0 
9 
9 
9 
Carnations . 
12 blooms 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Ranunculus .. 
12 bunches 
0 
0 
9 
0 
12 bunches 
s 
0 
6 
0 
Roses 
12 bunches 
2 
9 
9 
0 
Chrysanthemums 12 bl«oms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ (indoor), 
per dozen 
1 
0 
8 
9 
Cornflower . 
12 bunches 
1 
6 
3 
0 
„ Tea.. .. 
0 
9 
2 
0 
Cowslips 
doz. bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ red 
.. dozen 
1 
9 
2 
0 
Daffodil* 
12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Moss 
12 bunches 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Epiphyllum .. 
doz. blooms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Primrosep, Yellow, dozen 
Eucharis 
per dozen 
2 
6 
6 
0 
dozen bunches 
0 
9 
0 
0 
Gardenias 
12 blooms 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Pyrethrum .. 
12 bunches 
4 
0 
9 
9 
Hellebore 
doz. blooms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Spiraea .. .. 
12 sprays 
9 
6 
1 
0 
Hyacinths,Roman. 12 sprays 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Stephanotis .. 
12 sprays 
2 
9 
3 
0 
Iris. 
12 bunches 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Sweet Peas .. 
12 bunches 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Lapageria, white, 12 blooms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Sweet Sultan 
12 bunches 
s 
0 
4 
0 
Lapageria, red 
. - 12 blooms 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Tropaeolum .. 
12 bnnches 
l 
9 
3 
0 
Lilac .. .. 
per bunch 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Tuberoses 
12 blooms 
9 
6 
1 
0 
Lilium candidum 12 bches. 
9 
0 
15 
0 
Violets .. .. 
12 bunches 
9 
9 
9 
0 
12 blms. 
0 
4 
0 
9 
„ Czar, Fr. 
.. bunch 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ longiflorum, 12 blms. 
8 
0 
< 
0 
