July 22, 1886. ] 
JOUFINAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER 
81 
Stalk to 2 inches long, inserted in a flattened cavity. Flesh purplish, 
rather tender than firm, juicy, and very richly flavoured. The ston" is small 
for the size of the fruit, and obtuse heart-shaped. This most delicious 
Cherry is ripe the end of June and beginning of July, and is in greatest 
perfection when grown against a wall. The tree is quite hardy, a free and 
vigorous grower, at first having an upright habit, but more spreading as it 
becomes aged. The leaves are large, and well sustained on stout footstalks. 
It is an abundant bearer, and well adapted for forcing. The merit of 
having introduced this excellent Cherry is due to the late Mr. Hugh Ronalds 
of Brentford, who, in 1794, issued a circular, a copy of which is in my 
possession, in which he signifies his intention of distributing it at 5s. each 
plant. It was subsequently brought from Russia by the late Mr. John 
Fraser, who distinguished himself first by his botanical discoveries in North 
America, and afterwards by his travels in Russia. He purchased it from a 
German, by whom it was cultivated in St. Petersburg, and introduced it to 
this country in 1796.” 
Propagating Roses from Cuttings {Omega). —Immediately the flowers 
are shed is the best time to insert Rose cuttings, as the wood is then suffi¬ 
ciently ripe. They succeed well under handlights or in a cold frame in a 
compost of three parts loam and a fourth of leaf soil, and a fifth of sand 
well incorporated, surfacing with an inch of sand. Cuttings of two or at 
most three joints are best, cutting them transvtrse'y below the lowest 
joint and removing the leaf from it, also the next if the cutting have more 
than two joints; but the leaf at the uppermost joint should be preserved 
entire, and the cuttings inserted so that the uppermost joint with its bud is 
clear of the sand. Make the compost firm about the cuttings, and supply 
water so as to settle the sand about them. Place on the lights and shade 
from bright sun ; a size of whiting and skim milk placed on with a brush is 
suitable, and saves much trouble. The cuttings should be sprinkled 
lightly every morning, and the lights at once replaced. In a month or six 
weeks the cuttings will be rooted, and should then have ventilation, gradu¬ 
ally increasing it from the b"ginning, so as to thoroughly harden them. If 
wanted for pots they may be lifted carefully, potted singly, and placed in a 
frame, kept close, and shaded until established, when they should be 
hardened. All the Tea-scented and China Roses succeed well on their own 
roots, and the more vigorous kinds of Perpetuals, as Alfred Colomb. Beauty 
of Waltham, Charles Lefebvre, Boule de Neige, Auguste Neumann, Countess 
of Rosebery, Duke of Connaught, Duchess of Connaught, John Hopper, La 
France, Mens. E. Y. Teas, Madame Yictor Verdier, Princess Mary of Cam¬ 
bridge, Reine du Midi, Senateur Vaisse, Souvenir de Madame Berthier, 
White Baroness, and Royal Standard. 
Myrrh (IF., Surrey). —The plants that yield the gum resin known as 
Myrrh are species of Balsamodendron, chiefly B. Myrrha, which produces 
African Myrrh, and B. Opobalsamum, which affords Arabian Myrrb. The 
former is a small tree, with a stunt d trunk, covered with a whitish-grey 
bark, and furnished with rough abortive branches, terminating in spines. It 
grows in Arabia Felix, in the neighbourhood of Gison, in dwarfish thickets, 
interspersed among Acacias and Euphorbias. The juice exudes spon¬ 
taneously, and hardens on the bark. Myrrh is in small irregular fragments, 
or tears, or in larger masses very irregular in shape and size, being some¬ 
times not larger than a pea, and sometimes though rarely as large as the 
fist; when of good quality it iR reddish yellow, or reddish brown, and 
translucent, of a strong, peculiar, somewhat fragrant odour, and a bitter 
aromatic taste. It is brittle and pulverisable, presenting, when broken, a 
shining surface, which in the larger masses is very irregular, and sometimes 
exhibits opaque, whitish, or yellowish veins. It is partly soluble in water, 
alcohol, and ether ; and either alcohol or water will extract the whole of its 
odour and taste. By distillation a volatile oil rises, having the peculiar 
flavour of myrrh, and leaving the residue simply bitter. Myrrh is a 
stimulant tome, and is employed in debilitated states of the system, in the 
absence of febrile excitement or acute inflammation. The plants are 
membe s of the natural order Burseracese. 
Grapes Shanking {Merchant). —We doubt if your Grapes are “ shanked.” 
Shanking is a gangrene of the footstalks of the berries, commencing as a 
small speck which spreads round the stem like a wire. Sometimes the 
should r of a bunch is affected in that way, but mor ■ frequently the foot¬ 
stalks of some of the berries. When “ whole shoulders ” turn black, and re¬ 
mainder of the bunch being quite healthy, it is often the result of a twist of 
the stem in thinning or other manipulation to which the bunch may have 
been subjected. We have known much injury arise from rough handling 
and the consequent rupturing of the sap vessels, though it did not show 
itself immediately or until the demands of the fruit were considerable. 
Shoulders of Grapes also “ turn black ” through the direct action of the sun 
on them after the removal of a number of laterals. We have seen a very 
striking and destructive instance of this during the present week. If your 
Vine border is well drained it is not likely to be so wet as to cause the 
injury you complain of if you have, as you say, followed the instructions 
that have been given in our “ Work for the vVeek still, the character of 
the soil must always be taken into consideration when watering, some loam 
being much more retentive than others, and consequently require less water 
to keep them moist. Moist they must be from the surface downwards right 
to the drainage, but must not be made sour by excessive watering. This is 
a question on which cultivators must exercise judgment, and more of them 
fail in keeping the borders too dry in summer than too wet. As your Vines 
are old the probability is that there are more roots outride what you term 
the border than in it. Do you find an abundance of surface roots ? If bo, 
your treatment is right, and the root of the evil is not in the soil. 
Names of Plants.—We only undertake to name species of plants, not 
varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should b-ar spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry 
cotton wo' 1 the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once. 
{Pen and, Ink). —Veronica Traversi. (T.). —Veronica loDgifolia. ( 0. M.). — 
1, The Ro^e resembles the Garland, a hybrid Musk Rose, often classed with 
R. multiflora; 2, Malva moschata alba; 3, Common Fennel, Foeniculum 
vulgare; 4, Colutea arborescens; 5, Centaurea montana ; 6, BBcallonia 
macrantha. Hybrid Perpetual Rosgs are so named because they usjially 
flower more than once in the season, and occasionally three times. {C. B.). 
— 1. Brassia verrucosa; 2, Francoa ramosa ; 3, Cannot be identified without 
spores, but it resembles a Polypodium ; 4, Davallia elegans ; 5, Gardenia 
florida. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— July 21st. 
Our. market heavily supplied, with prices lower. Business dull. 
FRUIT. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
a. 
Apples. 
£ sieve 
0 
0 
to 0 
0 
Melon .. .. 
1 
0 
;o 2 
6 
Cherries. 
£ sieve 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Oranges .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Currants, B’ack .. 
$ sieve 
3 
0 
3 
6 
Peaches .. 
4 
0 
10 
0 
„ Red 
\ sieve 
2 
6 
3 
6 
Pine Apples English., lb. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Figs . 
dozen 
s 
0 
4 
0 
Plums. 
. £ sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Grapes. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
St. Michael Pines 
. .each 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Lemons. 
0 
15 
0 
Strawberries .. 
.. per lb. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d 
B. 
d. 
8 
a 
Artichokes .. . 
. dozen 
l 
0 
to 0 
0 
Lettuce .. •• 
l 
0 
to 1 
6 
Asparagus .. 
. bundle 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Mushrooms .. 
..punnet 
0 
6 
l 
0 
Beans, Kidney 
lb. 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Mustard and Cress punnet 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Beet, Red .. , 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Onions .. .. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Broccoli . 
. bundle 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley .. dozen bunches 
2 
0 
s 
0 
Brussels Sprouts . 
. £ sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsnips .. .. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Cabbage . 
. dozen 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Potatoes.. .. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Capsicums .. . 
100 
1 
6 
2 
0 
,, Kidney 
.. cwt. 
4 
e 
5 
0 
Carrots. 
bunch 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Rhubarb.. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Cauliflowers ,, . 
. dozen 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Salsafy .. .. 
1 
0 
i 
6 
Celery . 
bundle 
I 
0 
2 
0 
Scorzonera 
.. bundle 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Coleworts dcz. 
bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Seakale .. 
per basket 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cucumbers .. . 
. each 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Shallots .. 
.. .. lb. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Endive. 
. dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Spinach 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Her os . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes .. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Leeks . 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Turnips .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
s. 
a. 
&. a. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Aralia Sieboldi 
.. dozen 
9 
0 to 18 0 
Ficus elastica 
.. each 
i 
6 to 
7 
0 
Arbor vitas (golden) dozen 
0 
0 
0 0 
Fuchsia 
per dozen 
4 
0 
9 
0 
„ (common) dozen 
6 
0 
12 0 
Foliage Plants, var. each 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Arum Lilies .. 
.. dozen 
0 
0 
0 0 
Heliotrope 
per dozen 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Bedding Plants, 
var. doz. 
1 
0 
2 0 
Hydrangea .. 
per dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Begonias 
.. dozen 
6 
0 
9 0 
Ivy Geraniums 
per dozen 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Calceolaria .. 
per dozen 
4 
0 
9 0 
Lilium auratum 
per doz. 2i 
0 
60 
0 
Cineraria 
.. dozen 
0 
0 
0 0 
„ lanoifnlium per doz. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Cockscombs 
per dozen 
4 
0 
6 0 
„ longifloiam per doz. 18 
0 
SO 
0 
Cyclamen 
.. dozen 
0 
0 
0 0 
Lobelias .. 
per dozen 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Cy perus .. .. 
.. dozen 
4 
0 
12 0 
Marguerite Daisy dozen 
6 
0 • 
9 
0 
Dracaena terminalis, dozen 30 
0 
60 0 
Mignonette .. 
per dozen 
3 
0 
6 
0 
„ viridis 
.. dozen 12 
0 
24 0 
Musk .. .. 
per dozen 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Erica, various 
.. dozen 12 
0 
24 0 
Myrtles .. .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Eaonymus, in var. dozen 
6 
0 
18 0 
Palms, in var. 
.. each 
2 
6 
21 
0 
Evergreeus, in var. dozen 
6 
0 
24 0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Ferns, in variety 
., dozen 
4 
0 
18 0 
Pelargoniums 
per dozen 
6 
0 
15 
0 
CUT FLOWERS. 
s. 
d. 
B. d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Abntilons 
12 bunches 
2 
0 
to 4 0 
Lily of the Valley, 12 sprays 
0 
0 to 0 
0 
Anemone .. doz. bunches 
0 
0 
0 0 
Marguerites .. 
12 bunches 
8 
0 
6 
0 
Arum Lilies .. 
12 blooms 
4 
0 
6 0 
Mignonette .. 
12 bunches 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Azalea .. .. 
12 sprays 
0 
0 
0 0 
Myosotis 
12 bunches 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Bouvardias .. 
per bunch 
0 
6 
1 0 
Pelargoniums, per 12 trusses 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Camellias 
12 blooms 
0 
0 
0 0 
„ scarlet, 12 trusses 
0 
4 
0 
8 
Carnations .. 
12 blooms 
1 
0 
3 0 
Roses 
12 bunches 
2 
0 
9 
0 
12 bunches 
3 
0 
6 0 
,, (indoor), 
per dozen 
0 
6 
2 
0 
Chrysanthemums 12 blooms 
0 
0 
0 0 
„ Tea.. .. 
0 
9 
2 
0 
Cornflower .. 
12 bunches 
1 
6 
3 0 
„ red 
.. dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Cowhlips .. doz. bunches 
0 
0 
0 0 
„ Moss 
12 bunches 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Daffodils 
12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 0 
Primrose^, Yellow, dozen 
Epiphyllum .. 
doz. blooms 
0 
0 
0 0 
dozen bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Eucharis 
per dozen 
2 
0 
4 0 
Pyrethrum .. 
12 bunches 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Gardenias 
12 blooms 
2 
0 
4 0 
Spiraea .. .. 
12 spray8 
9 
0 
0 
0 
Hellebore 
doz. blooms 
0 
0 
0 0 
Stephanotis .. 
12 sprays 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Hvacinths.Roman, 12 sprays 
0 
0 
0 0 
Stocks, various 
12 bunches 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Iris. 
12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 0 
Sweet Peas .. 
12 bunches 
0 
4 
0 
Lapageria, white, 12 blooms 
0 
0 
0 0 
Sweet Sultan 
12 bunches 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Lapageria, red 
12 bloom3 
1 
0 
2 0 
Tropaeolum .. 
12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lilac 
per bunch 
0 
0 
0 0 
Tuberoses 
12 blooms 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Lilium candid urn 12 blms. 
0 
6 
1 0 
Violets .. .. 
12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
12 bches. 
9 
0 
18 0 
„ Czar, Fr. 
bunch 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ longiflorum,12blms. 
3 
0 
6 0 
CLEAN SOIL. 
The term “clean soil,” so frequently used when mention 
is made of farm improvements, is a comprehensive one, 
pointing unmistakeably to a clearance of all noxious weeds 
that rob the soil of fertility, and which may possibly prove a 
serious hindrance to the growth of whatever crops we may 
have in cultivation. Of such weeds the perennials are 
undoubtedly the most difficult to eradicate, but there are 
annuals suoh as Charlock, which, if suffered to ripen a seed 
