98 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER 
[ July 29,1866. 
also useful against red spider. It is poverty and lack of moisture, how¬ 
ever, that cause attacks of red spider. 
Autumn and Winter Treatment. —In October trim the plants by 
removing any bad or decayed leaves, but do not strip off any green leaves. 
Turn the mulch in with a fork lightly, not damaging the surface roots, 
and being careful not to place any soil on the leaves or flower buds. 
Varieties that flower at that season will need to be very carefully handled. 
Mulch again before sharp weather or by the middle of November with 
some half-decayed manure or litter, an I place it neatly about the plants 
and not so as to huddle the leaves together. The mulching will retain 
the earth’s heat or prevent its loss, and with the roots safe from frost 
the tops will endure many more degrees of cold without injury than 
when the soil is bare and frozen through. Avoid working amongst the 
plants in wet weather, as the soil is then made vary close at the surface, 
and water is prevented percolating freely through it and carrying down 
air. Remove all spent blooms, and do not allow seed to form. 
Protection. —All the winter bloomers require protection against frost. 
Rain does not injure Violet blooms unless it is very prolonged, but frost 
damages the buds and flowers. Frames afford the best protection, as the 
lights can be withdrawn in fine warm weather. Mats or other covering 
should be available for placing over the frames in frosty weather. Straw 
mats supported on lattice frames above the plants, and sloping so as to 
throw off wet, are useful, only care is taken to remove them in mild 
weather. Old lights supported on bricks and so as to throw off rain are 
preferable. Spruce and other evergreen branches stuck in the ground 
and leaning over the plants during the prevalence of cold cutting winds 
and sharp frosts in spring will often save the flowers, and make all the 
difference between the profitableness or unprofitableness of Violets. Do 
not give protection until it is necessary, but always have it in readiness 
for application in case of emergency. It is more particularly necessary in 
sharp weather succeeding a period of mild weather, particularly in a 
cold spring after a mild winter, a few hours’ sharp frost spoiling the 
anticipated harvest of bloom, if indeed there is not a great loss of plants. 
Violet growers must have hardy plants, and not rest satisfied with that 
but protect. 
Gathering the Flowers. —Never gather the flowers until they are at 
least three parts expanded. Some gather them in the bud. It is a great 
waste of substance, for though the buds will expand somewhat after 
gathering they never attain to the size they do on the plant, supported 
by it until of full size, and the bud and over-blown Violet have not the 
scent of the Violet when approaching full expansion. Full-blown, or 
very nearly so, is the proper condition to gather a Violet. Allowing it 
to remain after it becomes fully expanded only weakens the plants, and 
is a loss to the possessor from lessened fragrance and endurance. Just 
before attaining full expansion and until fructification is effected, the 
Violet has most perfume and is always sweetest in the morning, and 
their endurance is greater than when gathered limp in midday or afterwards. 
Varieties for Market.— Russian (London and Scotch), bluish purple ; 
spring. Floribunda (Boothby), flowers large, bluish purple, free-flower¬ 
ing ; autumn, winter, and spring. Victoria Regina (Lee), very large, 
purple ; autumn, winter, and spring. Odoratissima (Lee), bluish purple, 
very large ; spring, very floriferous. Patrie, double, deep purple, violet; 
September to April ; extra fine. Double Russian, purple ; spring. 
King of Violets, double, indigo blue ; spring. Neapolitan vars., all have 
double flowers. New York, deep mauve, streaked red ; September to 
April. Marie Louise, lavender blue, white eye; September to April. 
De Parme, deep lavender, white eye ; September to April. White Neapo¬ 
litan, September to April. The last four require to be grown in frames, 
as it is only on the southern coast that flowers are had with certainty 
outdoors at the time named, and only there in sheltered spots. Patrie 
also requires frame protection to insure flowers in the winter.— Viola. 
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
July 27th. 
((The National Carnation and Picotee Society’s Show, with the hardy 
flowers and Roses brought before the Floral Committee, Messrs. Rivers’ 
beautiful fruit trees, and the vegetables in competition, filled the conserva¬ 
tory, and afforded abundance to interest the numerous visitors. 
Fruit Committee. —Present : T. Francis Rivers, Esq., in the chair, and 
Messrs. J. G. Saltmarsh, J. Willard, W. Dinning, H. J. Veitch, G. Norman, 
G. Bunyard, John E. Lane, Philip Crowley, J. Ellam, J. Woodbridge, G. T. 
Miles, A. W. Sutton, and Dr. Robert Hogg. 
The principal fruit exhibit was a collection of Cherry, Peach, Nectarine, 
and Plum trees in pots from Messrs. Rivers & Son, Sawbridgeworth, for 
which a silver Knightian medal was awarded. There were about a dozen 
fine healthy trees 5 or 6 feet high in 10 and 12-inch pots, and bearing ex¬ 
tremely fine fruits, which in the case of the Cherries were also remarkably 
abundant. Several of the varieties were those raised at Sawbridgewoi th, 
and were extremely handsome, as for example the Goldoni Nectarine, of 
which there were two trees, Sea Eagle and Nectarine Peaches, Monarch 
Plum, and Beacon Pears. Other varieties well represented were Cherries 
Bigarreau, Gros Coeuret, and Black Hawk, both loaded with fruits, and 
Louise Bonne of Jersey Pears. In addition to these eleven dishes of Cherries 
were shown, which comprised the varieties Ludwig’s Bigarreau, Bigarreiu 
Noir de Guben, Late Black Bigarreau, Bigarreau Napoleon, Bedford Pro¬ 
lific, MonBtreuse de Mezel, Geante d’Heidelfingen, Griott Imperials, 
Turkey Black Heart (very handsome), Emperor Francois, and Etriy Rivers, 
a 3uperb collection, together with Rivers’ Nectarine Peach and Early 
Louise Peach, the latter of good size and colour, from trees grown in a cold 
house. Reginald Kelly, Esq., Lifton, Devon, sent a seedling Melon wh'ch 
was over-rip-. Mr. G. Humphrey, Nash Court Gardens, Faver^him, showed 
a seedling Melon, a cross between Sutton’s Invincible and Masterpiece, 
which was passed. Mr. Wm. Barlow, St. Ann’s Road, Stamford Hill, had a 
twin Cucumber, the two fruits being united their whole length side by side, 
and he stated that he had seven other similar fruits in the same house, and 
all of the Telegraph variety. From the Royal Horticultural Society's 
Gardens at Chiswick came five varieties of Cabbages, including Very Early 
Etampes, St. John’s Day, Early Dwarf, and Winningstadt, all Vilmorin’s, 
and Wheeler’s Imperial and Barr's Sugar Loaf. The two first-named 
appeared to be good early Cabbages. 
Messrs. Hansen and Larsin, 4, Hermitage Road, St. Ann’s Road, Stamford 
Hill, N., exhibited a model of their “ Automatic Ventilator and Temperature 
Regulator,” which is so contrived that the expansion or contraction of a 
specially prepared bent metal rod is made to supply the power by which the 
lights are opened or closed according to the varying temperature. A vote of 
thanks was awarded to the exhibitors. 
Floral Committee. —Present: G. F. Wilson, Esq., in the chair, and 
Messrs. J. Hudson, H. M. Pollett, J. Dominy,H. J. Lendry, E. Hill, C.Noble, 
W. Holmes, H. Herbst, W. Bealby, W. Wilks, Amos Perry, H. Bennett, T. 
Baines, H. Cannell, W. B. Kellock, G. Duffield, J. Walker, H. Ballantine, 
H. Turner, Shirley Hibberd, R. Dean, J. Douglas, and Dr. M. T. Masters. 
W. Lee, Esq., Leatherhead, exhibited two grand racemes of Laelia elegans 
Turneri with large flowers, the sepals and petals warm purplish crimson 
and intensely rich crimson lips, well meriting the award of a cultural com¬ 
mendation. Baron Schioder, The Dell, S aines (gardener, Mr. Ballantine), 
showed a scape of the celebrated and beautiful Cypripedium Morganite with 
three fine flowers. This, it may be remembered, is a hybrid between 
C. superbiens (Veitchi) and C. Stonei, and is remarkable for the length 
of the handsome petals, which in the flowers under notice were 
4j inches long by nearly three quarters of an inch broad in the widest 
part, densely spotted with dark purplish mauve on a whits ground. 
The dorsal sepal is white with a few very fine purplish veins, and 
the lip is large like C. Stonei, and pale purple with a few darker veins. Mr. 
T. Jannoch, Lily Nursery, Dersiugham, King’s Lynn, Norfolk, showed plants 
of a new Maidenhair Fern, Adiantum Capillus-Veneris grande, a fine bold 
form with handsome dark green substantial fronds, the pinnules broad and 
very distinct from the ordinary A. Capillus-Veneris. It is said to be very 
useful for decoration, a9 it stands well in rooms. Mr. R. Owen, Maidenhead, 
was awarded a vote of thanks for a collection of double and single Begonias, 
varied in colours and of large size. The Rev. A. Rawson, Bromley, Kent, 
sent a flower, Papaver somniferum var., white and scarlet, with deeply 
fringed petals, very pretty. A vote of thanks was accorded to Mr. H. B. 
May for Pteris cretica H. B. May, a compact useful Fern that has been 
noted several times before. A cultural commendation was awarded to Mr. 
Bealby for Tuberous Begonia Louis d’Or, a double pale yellow variety, with 
numerous fine flowers. Messrs. H. Cannell & Son, Swanley, showed plants 
of the excellent Carnation Pride of Penshurst, with b ight yellow flowers, 
very free. Mr. R. Dean, Ealing, exhibited some Intermediate Stock, Mauve 
Beauty and a white variety being uncommonly fine, the former a fine double 
flower of a charming mauve tint (vote of thanks). Mr. C. Noble, Bagehot, 
sent some Clematis flowers; from Chiswick came a number of fine Holly¬ 
hocks ; and from Messrs. E. H. Krelage & Son, Haarlem, Holland, some 
seedling Gladiolus of bright colours. 
Several large collections of hardy flowers and Roses were supplied by 
nurserymen, and very prominent amongst these was a magnificent group 
from Mr. T. S. Ware, Tottenham, which not only contained a number of 
excellent plants, but they were most tastefully arranged. Thus there were 
clusters of Papaver nudicaule and its varietiei miniatum and album ; then 
there were groups of many-coloured Phloxes, with the puie white Princess 
Beatrice very notable. From clusters of the elegant Gypsophila paniculata 
peeped out the brilliant scarlet Lilium chalcedomcum, with a taller plant of 
the lovely Lilium auratum piatyphyllum album. Of other good Lilium?, 
L. longiflorum eximium, L. Martagon dalmaticum, L. croceum, L. canadense, 
with such useful garden plants as Helenium pumilum, Polemonium 
Richardsoni, the pale pink free Veronica elegans, Gatilardias, Erigeron 
amethystinum, the pale yellow Montbretia Feu d’Or, the large-floweri d 
Campanula grandiflora plena, and the pure white Matiicaria inodora grandi- 
flora plena, which was certificated. Messrs. Barr & Son, Covent Garden, 
also contributed an effective group of hardy flowers, amongst which Lilies, 
Japanese Irises, Alstroemerias, and Poppies weie the chief features, with 
numerous other choice and beautiful p ants. A superb collection of Rose3 
from Messrs. W. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross, was greatly admired. Twelve 
boxes and the same number of baskets were shown, including handsome 
blooms representing a great number of varieties. Messrs. Paul & Son, 
Cheshunt, staged an extensive and beautiful collection of Roses and hardy 
flowers, which formed a brilliant and varied array of colours on one Bide of 
the conservatory. 
PLANTS CERTIFICATED. 
Cattleya gigas, HilVs variety (C. G. Hill, Esq., Arnot Hill, Notts; gardener, 
Mr. Davenpoit).—A grand variety with flowers 7 inches in diameter, the 
sepals and petals are rich crimson purple, the latter very broad ; the lip is 
3 inches in diameter, something like C. Dowiana, being rich gold at the 
base and sides, the upp c r or apical por .ion of an intensely rich crimson 
shade, the margin undulated. It was first labelled C. Dowiana Hilli, but it 
was subsequently altered to that given above. 
Oncidium stelligerum Ernesti ( R. F. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, 
Flodden Road, Camberwell; gardener, Mr. Simpkins).—A pretty variety, 
rather suggestive of some of the Miltonias, the sepals and petals pale 
yellowish green, barred and spotted with brown, the lip proportionately 
large, somewhat three-Iobed, white at the base, and the upper half purplisl 
with a ridge in the centre. 
Rhododendron balsamaflorum Rajah (Messrs. J. Veitch Sc Sons).—A 
charming double variety with outer broad round guard petals orange tipped 
with red, the centre petals tmal 1 , crumpled, and of a reddish tint. I", is 
quite distinct from the other forms, but is said to have been obtained from 
the same pod of seed as the double white and pink varieties previously 
shown. We understand that the teed was obtained by fertilising with its 
own pollen a flower which accidentally showed a tendency to become double. 
Todea grandipinmila (Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons).—A supposed hybrid 
between T. Fraseri and T. hymenophylloides, with graceful bipinnate fronL 
8 to 9 inches long and about 8 inches broad at the widest part. 
Carnation Terra Cotta (Mr. J. Douglas).—A fancy variety with a buff 
ground colour edged with a pale rosy purple tint, the b' o ns well formed. 
