August 12, 1888. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
147 
distance from the stem the trees covtr in extent of trellis, and down below 
the roots, cutting off all roots beyond the one-third radius. This will check 
the tendency to late growth, and the wood may be assisted to ripen by 
keeping the house rather close in the daytime, or warm from sun heat, and 
throwing the ventilators open at night. The trenches may remain open for 
a fortnight, the soil in the one-third radius being kept moist, but not 
very wet. When the leaves give indications of falling, commenc: at the 
trench and remove the soil carefully from over and amongst the roots, 
leaving a good part next the stems undisturbed, so as, if possible, to lift 
with a ball. In a iy cise, preserve as many of the roots, particularly the 
6mil!er ones, as possible. The branches will, of course, require to be 
untied, then tied together in small bundles with care so as to facilitate 
operations, and the roots should be covered with damp mats to protect 
them from the air whilst the site or station is got ready for replanting. 
The border being drained at a depth of 30 inches (9 inches to a foot thick¬ 
ness of rubble below that), it will only be necessary to rectify it if defective, 
or provide it if wanting, a tile drain being provided under the drainage to 
carry off superfluous water. The drainage should be roughest at bottom 
and finest at top, secured with a layer of thin turves, grass downwards. 
The whole of the soil to a width equal that of the trench should be removed, 
and that part remade. You do not sta’e the kind of soil. It is probably 
light and rich. If so add to it a fourth of clay or marl in as fine divisions 
as poss'ble, and a tenth of lime rubbish from an old building; the whole 
thoroughly incorporated with the soil. If the soil be heavy add a sixth of 
old mortar rubbish and a similar proportion of road scrapings. A thirtieth 
part of wood ashes will be a capital addition. Fresh turfy loam iB advisable 
if it can be had. Put in sufficient soil so as to raise the border to the level 
that when the tree is introduced it will have the setting on of the roots 
3 inches below the intended level. Make the soil firm by treading, alike to 
resist the roots otherwise passing quickly through ir., and cause their 
increased ramifications, and prevent settling. Spread the roots out thinly 
and evenly as they rise, work the soil in amongst them and make it firm. 
The roots should be kept near to the surface, but they must not be raised 
abruptly from their origination, but lifted gradually and laid in as they 
ri- e, the lowest about a foot from the surface, and the topmost about 3 inches. 
Make it thorongh’y firm, give a good watering to settle the soil about the 
roots, and mulch the surface with 3 inches of fresh short stable manure. 
The branches should be untied, spread out loosely, and tied, sprinkling 
with water in the morning of bright days and early afternoon, the house 
being kept rather c’ose by day but fully ventilated at night. The growths 
should be thinned if thickly placed after lifting. Carefully lifted and 
replanted the trees will not suff r, but be materially improved in fruiting 
another year and permanently benefited. 
Names of Fruits.—The names and addresses of senders of fruit to 
be named must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether 
letters referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are 
not necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. 
( Thomas Joyce). —2, Beurre Kennes ; 3, Knight’s Monarch; 4, Passe 
Co’mar; 10. Beurrd Superfin; 12, Nouveau Poiteau. 
Names of Plants.—We only undertake to name species of plants, not 
varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should b?ar spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry 
cotton wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once. 
(-H J- P.). —Bignonia grandiflora. ( H. C.). —1, Hedysarum coronarium ; 
2, Agathea ccelestis. (Miss Kenwick). —1, Cystopteris fragilis ; 2, C. alpina. 
(C. E. Stephens). —1, Tanacetum vulgare; 2, Betonica grandiflora; 3, 
Briza maxima ; 4, Campanula liliifolia; 5, Liatris spicata. (No Name). —1, 
The feathery specimen is Rhus Cotinus; 2, Resembles a Hedychium, but 
the flowers were too much crushed in the letter to he determined. (Mrs. It ). 
—The specimens were not good ones to determine, and we do not name 
more than six at a time ; 2, Resembles a Nasturtium ; 4, Vicia sepium ; 5, 
S necio erucaefolius ; 6, Pyrethrum inodorum; 7, Matricaria Chamomilla ; 
8, Myosotis sylvatica. (F. P., Exeter). —Diplacus glutinosus. (A. W.).—1, 
Sedum azoides variegatum ; 2, Cannot be named without flowers, but is 
apparently a Mesembryanthemum; 3, Polemonium coe’ uleum, Jacob’s 
Ladder; 4, Antenuaria margaritacea ; 5, Achillea Ptarmica flore pleno ; 
6, Veronica salie folia. (Belacs ).—Adiantum scutum and Olearia Haasti. 
_ai. 
Bees Dead in Supers (II. T. HA.—“ A Lanarkshire Bee keeper,” whom 
we consulted, replies :—“ If your bees have a free entrance to supers and these 
kept dark there must be some disease about the bees. From the description 
and time of the year it appears to be what I have described in my essay to 
be c loric dropsical fever, and if it is the whole of your bees will die. If 
your supers are exposed and have windows in them, then that explains 
matters fully. Keep your supers well covered both when in and out of doors. 
Give us fuller particulars and we will do our best to unravel the mystery.” 
Ants and Bee3 (B. C.). —No doubt ants are destructive to both 
the grub of bees and their honey. The saucer with water should keep the 
an!s from entering the hive, provided nothing else touches the ground for 
the ants to ascend. We used to make cups through which the legs of the 
hive or stand passed, then the outside was filled with liquid of some sort. No 
creeping thing passed through it, forming, as it were, a moat. If the larvae 
are putrid, be careful that the hive does not remain long in a doubtful 
state, as it may be foul brood. If you are not acquainted with it, forward 
us a piece of brood comb containing some brood in all stages, and we will 
advise you. 
Bees and Bell Heather (/. Edgar). —There are varieties of Bell Heather. 
O. e kind that grows on mossy land we have not seen the bees work much 
upon, but the variety common in Arran and adjoining places yields much 
honey, and the bees are fond of it. At the Caledonian Apiarian Show held 
at Edinburgh in 1884, Mr. Paterson of Struan exhibited a quantity of Bell 
Heather honey. It is of a deep cherry red colour and fine flavour. The 
bell of the honey variety is narrower in the tube than in the one that does 
not yield any. 
Frame feeder (Idem). —We have searched the back numbers, but have 
failed to find the description referred to. The frame-feeder is undoubtedly 
the best feeler out, as it places the syrup close to the tongues of the bees, 
whi'e the tin that holds the syrup is glazed. A glance at it shows when it is 
empty. There is a little chamber right in the ctntre, bridged off so that 
bees cannot escape nor cause trouble when refilling tin fountain. It only 
takes up three-eighths of an inch more than an ordinary frame, and for 
nursing nuclei is invaluable, and does not smear the bees. 
Bees Clustering Outside Hives (Bees ).—When the weather is hot and 
there are no supers on strong stocks the bees not infrequently cluster out¬ 
side for weeks tog ther, if the weather is so unfavourable as not to give an 
opportunity to swarm. The smaller the hive the more surely do the bees 
cluster before swarming. Most probably the weather has been unfavour¬ 
able to swarming and the stocks have given up all idea of increase for this 
season, although the “ one lot that seems to have gone back inside their 
own skep ” may have removed the need for clustering by swarming—unper¬ 
ceived by you—and so reducing the temperature of the hive. No swarm 
will issue this season now from either of the hives if they are in a normal 
state, and there is no reason for suspecting that they are without queenB. 
Sometimes an old or injured queen is unable to go with the swarm, but in 
that case suspicion would at once be aroused, for the swarm issuing unac¬ 
companied by the queen a return would soon be made to the parent hive, 
and the queen not seldom found by the bee-keeper crawling on the ground 
beneath the hive. The comb built underneath the board should be carefully 
removed, and most probably in a few days, as the honey season is over in 
all but Heather districts, the bees will not be more numerous than the hive 
is able comfortably to contain. Most likely the qu ens of both stocks have 
been superseded, and if so care during the winter and a sufficiency of food 
alone are necessary to ensure success next year if the weather is favour¬ 
able. Drones are, no doubt, now being ejected from the hive3, the necessity 
for their existence having passed away with the month of July, and the 
end of the swarming season. From ten to fourteen days after the issue of 
aswarm “ piping ” can be heard in the old stock, and thus it is possible 
without difficulty not only to ascertain whether a cast will issue but also 
whether the stock has swarmed. Perhaps this will enable you to discover 
whether the stock, “the bees of which seem to have gone back inside,” has 
sent out a swarm or not, unless too long a time has elapsed since the dis¬ 
appearance of the clusters. 
COYENT GARDEN MARKET.— August 11th. 
No alteration from last week. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Apples. 
} sieve 
0 
0 
to 0 
0 
Cherries. 
i sieve 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Currants, B'ack .. 
£ sieve 
2 
3 
2 
6 
„ Red .. 
i siere 
2 
6 
0 
0 
Figs . 
dozen 
i 
6 
2 
0 
Grapes. 
i 
0 
s 
0 
Lemons. 
10 
0 
15 
0 
B 
. d. 
s. 
, d 
Artichokes .. .. 
dozen 
l 
0 to 0 
0 
Asparagus .. ,. 
bundle 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Beans, Kidney .. 
lb. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Beet, Red .. .. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Broccoli . 
bundle 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Brussels Sprouts .. 
£ sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cabbage . 
dozen 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Capsicums .. •• 
100 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Carrots. 
bunch 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Cauliflowers .. .. 
dozen 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Celery .. .. .. 
bundle 
1 
8 
2 
0 
Coleworts doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Cucumbers .. .. 
each 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Endive .. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Her os .. 
bunch 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Leeks . 
bunch 
0 
8 
0 
4 
PLANTS : 
s. 
d. 
8. 
a. 
Aralia Sieboldi .. 
dozen 
9 
0 to 18 
0 
Arbor vitae (golden) dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
,, (common) 
dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Arum Lilies .. .. 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Bedding Plants, var. 
doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Begonias .. .. 
dozen 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Calceolaria .. per 
dozen 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Cineraria .. .. 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cockscombs per dozen 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Crassula .. per 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cyperus. 
dozen 
4 
0 
12 
0 
Dracaana terminalis, dozen 30 
0 
60 
0 
,, viridis .. 
dozen 12 
0 
24 
0 
Erica, various 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Euonymus, in var. 
dozen 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Evergreens, in var. 
dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Ferns, in variety .. 
dozen 
4 
0 
18 
0 
9. d. a. d. 
Melon .each 1 0 to 2 0 
Oranges . 100 6 0 12 o 
Peaches.perdoz. 4 0 10 0 
Pine Apples English., lb. 2 0 3 0 
Plums. i sieve 0 0 0 0 
St. Michael Pines ..each 4 0 6 0 
Strawberries .. .. per lb. 0 6 10 
ABLES. 
s. d. s. d 
Lettuce.dozen 1 0 to 1 6 
Mushrooms .. ..punnet 0 6 10 
Mustard and Cress punnet 0 2 0 0 
Onions .bunoh 0 3 0 0 
Parsley .. dozen bunches 2 0 3 0 
Parsnips .. ., ,. dozen 10 2 0 
Potatoes. cwt. 4 0 5 0 
,, Kidney .. cwt. 4 6 5 0 
Rhubarb .. •• •• bundle 0 2 0 0 
Salsafy .bundle 10 16 
Scorzonera .. .. bundle 16 0 0 
Seakale .. .. per basket 0 0 0 0 
Shallots.1b. 03 00 
Spinach. bushel 3 0 4 0 
Tomatoes .lb. 0 4 0 6 
Turnips .. .. bunch 0 4 0 6 
4 POTS. 
s. d. s. d. 
Ficus elastica .. each 1 6 to 7 0 
Fuchsia .. per dozen 4 0 9 0 
Foliage Plants, var. each 2 0 10 0 
Heliotrope .. per dozen 4 0 8 0 
Hydrangea .. per dozen 6 0 12 0 
Ivy Geraniums per dozen 3 0 6 0 
Lilium auratum per doz. 18 0 60 0 
„ lancifolium per doz. SO 18 0 
,, longiflorum per doz. 18 0 30 0 
Lobelias .. .. per dozen 3 0 4 0 
Marguerite Daisy dozen 6 0 9 0 
Mignonette .. per dozen 3 0 6 0 
Musk .. .. per dozen 2 0 4 0 
Myrtles.dozen 6 0 12 0 
Palms, in var. .. each 2 6 21 0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 3 0 6 0 
Pelargoniums per dozen 6 0 15 0 
Abntilons .. 12 bunches 
Arum Lilies .. 12 blooms 
ABters .. .. 12 blooms 
Azalea .. .. 12 sprays 
Bouvardias .. per bunch 
Camellias .. 12 blooms 
Carnations .. 12 blooms 
„ .. 12 bunches 
Chrysanthemums 12 blooms 
Cornflower .. 12 bunches 
Cowslips .. doz. bunches 
Daffodils .. 12 bunches 
Epiphylluoi .. doz. blooms 
Em haris .. per dozen 
Garde lias .. 12 blooms 
Hellebore .. doz. blooms 
Hyacinths.Roman, 12 sprays 
Iris.12 bunches 
Lapageria, white, 12 blooms 
Lapageria, red . 12 blooms 
Lavender dozen bunches 
Lilium candidum 12 blms. 
„ .. 12 bches. 
„ longiflorum, 12 blms. 
CUT FLOWERS. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8 . 
d. 
8. 
d. 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Lily of the Valley, 12 sprays 
0 
0 
to 0 
0 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Marguerites .. 
12 bunches 
3 
0 
6 
0 
0 
8 
0 
6 
Mignonette .. 
12 bunches 
1 
0 
4 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Myosotis .. 
12 bunches 
2 
0 
3 
0 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Pelargoniums, per 12 trasses 
0 
9 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ scarlei 
, 12 trusses 
0 
3 
0 
6 
1 
0 
8 
0 
Roses 
12 bunches 
2 
0 
9 
0 
3 
0 
6 
0 
„ (indoor), 
per dozen 
0 
6 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ Tea.. .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
1 
6 
3 
0 
„ red 
.. dozen 
0 
8 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ Moss 
12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Primroses, Yellow, dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
dozen bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Pyrethrum .. 
12 bunches 
4 
0 
9 
0 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Spiraea .. .. 
12 sprays 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Stephanotis .. 
12 sprays 
2 
0 
3 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Stocks, various 
12 bunches 
3 
0 
5 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Sunflowers 
0 
6 
i 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Sweet Peat .. 
12 bnnehes 
2 
0 
4 
0 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Sweet Sultan 
12 bunches 
8 
0 
4 
0 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Tropaeolum .. 
12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Tuberoses 
12 blooms 
0 
6 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Violets .. .. 
12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
6 
0 
„ Czar, Fr. 
• • bunch 
0 
0 
0 
