212 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ September 2, 1886. 
handsome but not fragrant, like Charles Lefebvreand Etienne Levet; the 
petals of some fade as soon as exposed to a shower, or a strong mid-day 
sun, like Madame Naehury, and Gloire de Bourg-la-Reine; others do not 
open well, like Pierre Nutting, Empress of India, and La France. Some 
are slow growers, others have delicate stems. A few are subject to 
mildew, which spreads and affects others, and should not have a place in 
the garden, like the Countess of Oxford, Sir Garnet Wolseley, and 
Caroline de Sansal. Nearly every best Rose that is grown has some 
defects, and many are somewhat tender, like Marquise de Castellane, 
Baroness Rothschild, and Eugenie Verdier. The best and most certain 
means for preservation of Rose trees that have a delicate habit is to give 
plenty of air and sunshine, the influence of which agents hardens the 
texture of the wood and renders it impenetrable to insects. The largest 
intelligence, united with constant vigilance, will reward us annually with 
only a few flowers which have the requisite qualities of richness and 
permanency of colours combined with fulness and gracefulness of form 
and sweet odour. 
Autumn flowers, I am inclined to believe, are improved when grown 
on trees raised from cuttings rather than from the bud or graft; for those 
that are worked are in an artificial condition, and less able to contend 
throughout the season with adverse influences than such as carry their 
sap in continuous currents. The luxuriantly growing wood should be 
allowed to bear moderately until the time for the late blooms. Frangois 
Michelon, Fisher Holmes, Monsieur Noman, Marguerite de St. Amand. 
Victor Verdier, Boieldieu, Annie Wood, and Alfred Colomb are esteemed 
for large, handsome, late flowers. 
When blooming in native wildness and simplicity the R se is uni¬ 
versally admired by ihe botanist, while it has many attractions to the 
casual observer ; and the wild Roses of our woods and hedges, though of 
a simple type, are the impersonations of elegance and beauty. They 
adorn the solitude where they grow ; and glancing, half concealed, from 
their green bowers, must have reminded the pilgrim in the wilderness of 
home.. In connection with the delightful study of botany, our lovers of 
scientific explorations and of beauty in the field could add attractive 
graces to our highways and byways by adopting the customs of the 
Hungarians, among whom the finest kinds of Roses are found blooming 
in unfrequented places, produced by budding the wild varieties, which the 
ladies of rank and fashion do in their rambles. 
We cannot but decide that the Remontants are of a most heterogeneous 
character, and that the varieties are so different in their nature as to 
require varied culture and treatment. Our remarks have had special 
reference to outdoor growth ; but there are some of this class that do not 
expand their flowers freely in the open air, though beautiful when forced ; 
while others, of rare excellence in 'the garden, are of little worth for the 
greenhouse. The Baroness Rothschild, Edouard Morren, Mabel Morrison, 
Hippolyte Jamain, Madame Gabriel Luizet, Duke of Edinburgh, Magna 
Charts, Thomas Mills, Anna de Diesbach, Mrs. Harry Turner, and Anna 
Alexieff, have a health}’ habit for forcing, are of pure colours, and of full 
symmetrical form. Early spring flowers of these and other free-growing 
varieties are obtained by cutting well-ripened wood from outdoor trees late 
in the autumn, and grafting upon the Manetti and other stocks, which 
have plenty of fibres to gather food for their support in December. The 
cultivation of this class by artificial means has been yearly increasing to 
meet the demand for these sweet reminders of our summer time. They 
are called by florists, in the winter, fancy Roses, and produce sparingly 
flowers of surpassing elegance, which command large prices, on account 
of the demand for them and the extra care requisite to produce good 
specimens. Attention is now being given to these beautiful but costly 
dainties of Nature in your vicinity, and distinguished success has been 
obtained by your honoured President, and others, producing better 
flowers than are grovn from like varieties in the open air. 
The arrangement of Roses cut from the tree is a matter of taste, in 
regard to which there do;s not exist a unanimity of sentiment, else we 
should be wearied with a continued sameness. But there are certain fixed 
laws that regulate the decorative art in flowers. Too many blooms are 
used for single baskets and bouquets, where they are crowded together 
promiscuously, exhibiting a mass of petals, the form and colouring of 
each separate flower .being indistinct, with little of its own foliage to 
render the proper effect. The more nearly Roses are shown as they 
naturally grow the better effect they produce. The stiff, artificial stem, 
without the leaf of the flower, propped up by Smilax, Ferns, and other 
green than its own, is not like nature. Hand bouquets of Roses and 
buds are more beautiful when made of the same variety with its own 
foliage, stems long and loosely bunched, having a small number, well 
chosen, of sweet odour. A collection in basket form, or for parlour 
decoration, had better lack a flower than have one too many, the object 
being to form a graceful, refreshing, and suggestive picture, preserving 
an “easy negligence mixed with art.” Show each bloom separately” 
reposing in its own green, and remember that a few colours have a prettier 
effect than many. If a combination is thought to be desirable, red, white, 
and buff are pleasing. The beauty of Roses is much impaired when 
they are displayed in masses. As a rule, if there are to be many flowers, 
use the delicate shades ; if few, the deeper tones ; and we should not 
forget that large and choice Roses are always most effective when displayed 
in standards proper for their reception as single specimens. 
(To be continual.) 
SUMMER AND AUTUMN EXHIBITIONS. 
In the following list are given the dates of the principal shows to he 
held up to November 10th of this year, and we shall be obliged if the 
Secretaries of Societies holding shows during the season named will 
forward us their schedules. 
SEPTEMBER. 
3rd, Friday.—Crystal Palace, Fruit and Dahlias. 
7th, Tuesday.—Royal Horticultural Society, Committees; Fruit and 
Dahlia Show. 
8th, Wednesday.—Edinburgh. 
8th, Wednesday.—Glasgow. 
9:h, Thursday. — National Chrysanthemum Society, Early Chrysan¬ 
themums, Westminster Aquarium. 
21st, Tuesday.—Royal Horticultural Society, Committees. 
OCTOBER. 
6th, Wednesday.—Crystal Palace, Fruit Show. 
12th, Tuesday.—Royal Horticultural Society, Committees P.nd Hrrdy 
Fruits. 
13tb, Wednesday. — National Chrysanthemum Society, Floral Com¬ 
mittee. 
26th, Tuesday.—Royal Horticultural Society, Committees, and Chrysan¬ 
themum Show. 
NOVEMBER. 
2nd, Tuesday.—Ealing. 
3rd, Wednesday.—-Havant. 
4th, Thursday.—Twickenham. 
4th, Thursday.—Stoke Newington. 
5th, Friday.—Crystal Palace. 
8th, Mondry.—Surrey Chrysanthemum Society. 
8th, Monday.—Lambeth, 
llth, Tuesday.—Kingston. 
9th, Tuesday.—Southampton. 
9th, Tuesday.—Royal Horticultural Society, Committees. 
10th, Wednesday.—Croydon. 
10th, Wednesday. — National Chrysanthemum Society, Westminster 
Aquarium. 
HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. 
Now is the time when insects do most harm to fruit. To preserve it 
upon the trees as long as possible Nottingham netting should be put 
over the trees, and care taken that the covering is so well put on as to 
quite exclude all winged insects. To do this well and to preserve the 
nets, bind the edges of the netting with broad tape, to which sew small 
brass rings, by means of which it may he put upon a wall quickly, or 
fastened to wooden frames over trees or bushes in the open garden. 
A large, airy, cool fruit-room is now of much value to retard the 
ripening of fruit and to preserve it in good condition after it is ripe. 
Let all fruit be gathered carefully, without being bruised, or even rubbed 
more than can be helped. Gather no fruit prematurely ; this remark 
applies especially to Pears and Apples, if we would have fruit in perfec¬ 
tion. The Pear season has begun, and we must now devote enough time 
daily to an inspection of the fruit upon the trees, and take care to remove 
the fruit gradually as it becomes ready. Such care is well repaid by 
excellence of flavour and the length of time that it is found possible to 
have good fruit of favourite sorts, A week or two of fine hot weather 
now will do much for a full development of flavour, and we may hope for 
a development of aroma in Apples in some degree approaching tint of 
American fruit. Early Peaches have been deficient in flavour, as was to 
be expected from the prevalence of cold wet weath r as the fruit ripened. 
Apricots, too, though plentiful, have not had the full rich flavour which 
renders the golden fruit such a general favourite. 
If dry weather continues, let fruit borders have a thorough soaking 
with sewage or water after the fruit is all gathered from the trees. Such 
waterings tend materially to help the formation of full, plump buds, and 
consequently do something to help the crop of next year. Some exhaustion 
must necessarily attend the production of a full crop of fruit, and we 
should do all we can to restore the trees to full vigour. Do not waste 
space on sickly exhausted fruit trees, but mark such now for removal, 
and make the necessary arrangements for planting other trees early iu 
autumn. Keep young Strawberry beds well watered, keep down weeds, 
and try and get the plants as Ptrong as possible this autumn, in view of 
obtaining a half crop of fine early fruit next seaBon before that upon the 
older plants ripens. 
FRUIT FORCING. 
Vines. —Earliest House .—The earliest-forced Vines should he pruned 
without much further delay. It is not necessary to wait till all the 
leaves have fallen before pruning, only the wood must be brown and liaid 
and the leaves turning yellow. The pruning will cause the Vines to re t 
more quickly and thoroughly. It is also important that the house b: 
thoroughly cleaned and the Vines also. The Vines should only have the 
loose bark removed, washing the rods with clear warm water, and aftei- 
wards with a solution of softsoap, 8 ozs. to the gallon of water. If there 
be any scale or mealy bug add a wineglassful of petroleum and half an 
ounce of soda to the soapy solution, and keep it well mixed whilst beitu 
applied with a brush, care being taken to reach every hole, angle, and 
