September 16, 1886. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
255 
Certificates. —First-class certificates were awarded to the following :— 
Dahlia Emp>ess of India (R. H. Munday, Basingstoke).—A dark crimson 
Cactus variety, the upper petals dark velvety purple, with a broad pink band 
through the centre. 
Dahlia Willie Garratt (J. Garrett, Bishops Stortford).—A seedling show 
flower of good shape ; colour dark crimson. 
Dahlia King of Purples (Keynes, Williams and Co.).—A rosy purple 
show variety of excellent form. 
Dahlia if. T. Rawlings (Rawlings Bros.).—A bright yellow show variety, 
good shape. 
Dahlia Mrs. Theobald (Rawlings Bros.).—Bright pink, good shape. 
Gladiolus The Mikado (Burrell & Co.).—Bright vermilion witn white 
throat, a large flo.rer of considerable substance. 
Gladiolus Cantab (Burrell ife Co.).—Soft ro3e, a large and beautiful 
flower. 
Gladiolus Ormonde (Kelway).—Salmon, pale throat, fine flower. 
Gladiolus Duchess of Westminster (Kelway) white, striped with delicate 
rose. 
CHRYSANTHEMUM CUPS AND TUBES. 
In the Journal of 9th inst., in your notice of the Chrysanthemum 
tubes sent you by Mr E. P. Dixon of Hull,you say you “suspect it is the 
Molyneux tube with the Jameson spring.” This, however, is an error. I 
have had the tubes in question without the springs in use for some years, 
the original ones having come from quite another source, the spring is a 
recent addition. 
The illustration of a tube in Mr. Molyneux’s article of 26th August is 
made from one I sent him. The tubes he has hitherto used are of much 
smaller diameter, and with a differently shaped flange. I shall be much 
obliged if you will kindly correct the misapprehension in your next issue. 
The cups, however, advertised by Mr. Dixon are the same as Mr. Moly¬ 
neux’s, except that the stem is made of larger diameter to fit my tubes.— 
R. Falconer Jameson. 
LATE GROWTHS AND RESTING OF VINES AND 
FRUIT TREES. 
“ After the crops have been gathered from Vines and fruit 
trees under glass a free lateral growth often occurs, and there are 
diverse opinions as to whether this should be encouraged or sup¬ 
pressed. Can you publish anything bearing on this subject ? ” 
Thus writes an inquirer, “ S. B. D.,” and in answer we publish the 
following from a gardener of great experience, and the subject 
appears to be not unworthy of further discussion. 
Most gardeners who cultivate indoor fruits must be aware that 
the Peach, and, indeed, other deciduous fruit trees, begin to assume 
another guise when the fruit is ripe or gathered. The tree gradu¬ 
ally loses its verdant character, the older foliage begins to show 
“ the sere and yellow leaf,” and very frequently a later growth 
manifests itself, arguing of course considerable powers of absoip- 
tion still at work, notwithstanding an apparent general decline—a 
phenomenon of annual occurrence. But in the midst of all this 
approaching quietude in the vital forces a practical observer will 
see, in the turgid and bronzy foliage of the earlier developments, a 
desire yet to maintain its ground until some hidden process shall 
have been carried out. Under such circumstances many persons 
are puzzled to find Vines, Peaches, &c., reproducing spray at the 
very period when the trees are evidently approaching a rest con¬ 
dition. I will here offer my opinion? concerning this apparent 
anomaly. In the first place, granted that there is and has been a 
strong root-action, what can become of the ascending fluids after 
the earlier growths of the trees are supplied otherwise than a 
renewed attempt at growth ? Fresh twigs have started ; a demand 
still exists for the ascending fluid, which an energetic root is ready 
to meet ; and the question arises whether it is proper to encourage 
such late spray. To remove it entirely would be to force the plant 
into a rest condition ; to leave it at random would be to divert the 
solar light from the principal foliage, where it is so much needed. 
Most good gardeners hold with removing such portions of the spray 
as shade the principal leaves. In order to explain this subject 
fairly I will just examine the following heads, which would seem 
to comprise the whole subject :— 
Firstly, a forced rest ; secondly, a natural rest ; thirdly, rest as 
connected with the encouragement of the red spider or other insect 
enemies ; fourthly, rest as connected with the future spring. 
A Forced Rest. —This is accomplished by strictly pruning 
away all late growths and by shutting up an unusual amount of solar 
heat, sometimes over 90°. Its effect is to hurry the tree into a rest 
condition, and, as a consequence, to place it in a position for a 
somewhat earlier f jrcing in the ensuing year. But it is presumed 
that this is effected at the expense of a little power, and that 
retaining for a time a portion of the later growths increases the 
volume of new fibres in the border, as also the fund of alimentary 
matter in the tree. Nevertheless, it may be readily supposed that 
in hot climates, where the Vine is indigenous, it hurries on to 
immediate rest in obedience to the climate, possibly its exit being 
hastened by a few pelting hailstorms. 
I come now to head the second, 
A Natural Rest. —Aithough I cannot flatter myself that I 
have chosen the most applicable term as to what I would explain, 
I must use it for the present as a provisional title. By this I mean 
what is generally practised by good gardeners, and what I have 
before alluded to—viz., a compromise between two extremes, the 
Vine being, as it were, either scorched and snubbed or encouraged 
into a state of rest. Our intelligent readers will here perceive that 
what I would urge is, that although we may not dictate to Nature 
in her best moods, we may, at any rate, in practice qualify per¬ 
nicious extremes of a purely accidental character ; for whoever 
thought of imitating a hailstorm or a burning hot sirocco in a 
hothouse ? I therefore conclude that we do well to feed our hard¬ 
working Vines and Peaches for awhile after the fruit is gathered. 
Rest as Connected with Insects. —Here we have another 
important consideration, although of a collateral character. All 
practical gardeners are aware of the fact that the red spider, scale, 
&c., are fearfully on the alert as soon as the foliage of the Peach 
or Vine gets into full play, or is on the decline. This, no doubt, is 
owing to the character of the sap of the tree, together with the 
atmospheric conditions as regards heat, &c. The elaborations are, 
doubtless, at this period at a high pitch, and must form a rich treat 
to these marauders. Now, the more the plants are hurried to rest 
the faster these insects pursue their depredations ; and herein is 
another reason for sustaining the trees in a healthful condition until 
their purposes are fully carried out. Good gardeners, therefore, at 
this period use the syringe very frequently, and batter well the 
foliage of both Vines and Peaches. 
Rest as Concerning the Future Spring. —Rest has the 
power of creating what is generally called excitability in fruit trees, 
and the more it is prolonged, and the more performed it is within 
given limits, the greater, in general, will that excitability prove. 
Still it must here be observed that the ideas of this rest condition 
were rather extravagant in years gone by. Most gardeners, some 
forty years since, made a practice of taking Vines out of the front 
sashes of their houses every winter in order to “ harden them,” for 
such was the technical phrase in those times. I have helped to get 
Vines out under such circumstances, having stems 4 to 5 inches 
in diameter. I have known about seven men employed to get out 
one of these old Vines, and it was really absurd to witness the 
mighty fuss there was over this ceremony, the poor old Vines 
frequently cracking and splitting at sudden bends. 
Now, although rest of a somewhat decided character is requisite 
for forced deciduous fruit trees, there is really no necessity for 
subjecting them to intense frosts. A Vine which has enjoyed for 
months a temperature ranging from 70° to 90° will find sufficient 
rest at a temperature ranging from 32° to 45°, or perhaps even 
more. Of this there can be little doubt, so that those who possess 
what are called greenhouse vineries need not distress themselves 
about the freezing of their Vines. 
I may now take a brief retrospect of the whole affair, and in 
doing so I shall endeavour to show to the uninformed what is good 
practice in these matters. In the first place a distinction must be 
made between borders inside houses and those outside. Of course, 
to have the roots saturated with moisture when the trees are 
gradually sinking to a rest condition is by no means desirable ; 
therefore, if the roots be outside we must make allowance for those 
dashing rains which sometimes occur in August and September, 
and water accordingly. But as to inside roots the case is very 
different; these are generally in a very dry condition at the period 
named, and, such being the case, a thorough soaking often becomes 
necessary. But let us again observe the object in view. The 
Peaches are gathered, the foliage is just commencing its autumn 
discoloration, yet, if in good health, still producing young shoots in 
various parts of the tree, particularly towards the grosser portions 
of the extremities. What should be done ? 
In this case a double purpose may be served ; the blossom-buds 
at the base of the earlier foliage may be rendered more plump, and 
the strength of the tree may be equalised. Suffer them, therefore, 
to grow a week or two, say nearly three weeks ; but as soon as the 
prouder terminal points have produced three or four eyes let them 
be pinched, but suffer all the weaker portions of the tree to grow 
to the very last, at the same time removing all mere breast spray 
which shades the principal wood. And as to Vines, here we shall 
find a similar movement. If they are healthy, and the trees have 
not been overtaxed, we shall have them still producing small spray, 
with numerous small leaves, which at once show, by their character, 
their inefficiency as to the production of any amount of elaborated 
sap ; but they may be made subservient to the production of fibres 
in the border, and we seldom hear gardeners complain of a border 
too full of roots. I think it well, therefore, to suffer these late 
growths for awhile at the extremities of the tree, or, indeed, in any 
portion where then’ shade will not damage the chief foliage on 
