300 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER 
[ September 80, 1886, 
growth though not stout, and forms a prolific standard. Wyken Pippin, 
though not so large nor so handsome aB Orange Pippin, is a capital Apple, 
forming a large and prolific standard and is first rate. Margil does well 
on silicious limestone or oolitic soils, and though only forming a moderate¬ 
sized standard is very free bearing and in every respect excellent. Golden 
Winter Pearmain (King of the Pippins), very handsome and likes a good 
soil, where it gets larger and is in every way better. On a light hot soil the 
fruit is not large enough, and is dry; indeed, unsatisfactory. Ribston 
Pippin is not satisfactory in some localities and is, on that account, 
omitted. 
November to over Christmas. —Ashmead’s Kernel likes a good soil— i.e., 
deep loam, and in Heref rd and Gloucester attains a fair size, but in some 
localities is very small. Golden Pippin, a favourite, and likes a good soil, 
in which it only forms a moderate-sized standard. Braddick’s Nonpareil, 
a miserable thing on light soil, but on good soil is much better. Old and 
Scarlet Nonpareil do better on light soil, Scarlet Nonpareil being very hand¬ 
some and of medium size, the trees are small growers but good bearers. The 
Queen, a nice size, very handsome, a good bearer, and seems to do finely 
as a standard, which, being established, the others may be struck out, as 
we want size and must have it if we are to keep our own in the markets. 
At and, after Christmas. —Scarlet Golden Pippin. This is something 
an increase in size on the Golden Pippin, very little, but of fine colour. 
Court of Wick, handsome and capital, only wants size, though it is better 
than some, and likes good soil. Claygate Pearmain, a small fruit on light 
soil, larger on good soil, but not a large tree under any circumstances. 
Gipsy King, very handsome, and likely to prove good as a standard. 
Duke of Devonshire, nice size and good sort, but wants the size of Adams’ 
Pearmain. Syke House Russet, though a great bearer as a standard is too 
small. 
Late. —These are valuable and well kept superb, especially Reinette 
du Canada, large, handsome, in use from Christmas, free, healthy, and good 
bearer. White Nonpareil, nice looking and capital eating, being brisk and 
first rate ; indeed, these two and the other Nonpareils are much relished 
by those that do not like a hard Apple or have delicate stomachs. Lord 
Burghley is a beautiful Apple, but the tree cankers, and such are no use 
for large culture. Allen’s Everlasting, showy, but too small, though it 
may be termed medium, fruitful, and healthy. Starmer Pippin simply will 
not grow with me, being too stunted in growth and the fruit pitted. I 
have tr ied it on good soil, also on shallow, being worst in the last. 
Kitchen Apples. —Cox’s Pomona, large, handsome, good cropper, 
October to Christmas. Ecklinville Seedling, great bearer, fruit large, but 
soft. Cellini, large, handsome, good cropper, but will not keep. Small’s 
Admirable, great bearer. Warner’s King, first-rate, size, cropping and all 
points considered. Hawthornden New or Winter, very good and early 
bearer. Bramley’s Seedling, one of the very best, great cropper and fine 
fruit, first rate. Herefordshire Beefiog, fine in every respect and capital 
bearer, likes good soil. Two fine looking large Apples, and as good as they 
look, are Peasgood’s Nonsuch and Beauty of Kent, handsomer fruit it is 
not possible to conceive. Golden Spire makes a trio of handsome fruit. 
Grenadier is a new sort and a great cropper, evidently of the Hawthornden 
race, very good. Pott’s Seedling may be mentioned as a marvel of pro¬ 
ductiveness, but I have only tried it as a pyramid. Loddington or Stone, 
very large and good. 
From Christmas Onwards. —Tower of Glamis, large, handsome, good 
cropper. Bedfordshire Foundling, large, healthy grower, and good bearer. 
Betty Geeson, great cropper, even when young. Dumelow’s Seedling 
(Normanton Wonder, Wellington, &c.), perhaps the most popular of 
culinary Apples, good in appearance, keeping well, and of sufficient size to 
recommend it. Schoolmaster I have only as bushes and pyramids, very 
excellent it is in that way. Northern Greening, a popular north-country 
Apple, medium size, and excellent for bearing. Rymer is more liked by 
some than Dumelow’s Seedling. It is large and good looking, but is not 
considered to keep so long. Gooseberry Apple, a great bearer, very long 
keeper, and bears well. Prince Albert, fine, only grown as pyramid. 
Apples good for Cooking or Dessert. —Emperor Alexander, Nelson 
Codlin, Small’s Admirable, Blenheim Orange or Pippin, Lady Henniker, 
Cobbam, Lemon Pippin, Green Balsam, Fearn’s Pippin, Dutch Mignonne, 
Herefordshire Pearmain, Royal Russet, and Hambledon Deux Ans. Grand 
Duke Constantine is large and handsome. Gravenstein, first rate, hut not 
a great cropper. 
For extensive cultivation I advise of dessert Apples, Cox’s Orange 
Pippins, King of the Pippins, The Queen, Gipsy King, and Reinette du 
Canada. Kitchen, Ecklinville Seedling, Warner’s King, Winter Haw- 
thorden, Bramley’s Seedling, Loddington or Stone’s, and Dumelow’s 
Seedling. Of Apples suitable for any purpose my selection is Emperor 
Alexander, Nelson Codlin, Small’s Admirable, Blenheim Orange, Cobham, 
Fearn’s Pippin, and Dutch Mignonne. Altogether eighteen varieties, but 
all are good. 
Cherries. —These like a light soil or well drained, and are best on 
silicious,'limestone, and oolitic soils. Early Rivers, Empress Eugenie, 
May Duke, and Royal Duke, Frogmore Early Bigarreau, Governor Wood, 
and Bigarreau Napoleon. For- culinary, Kentish and Morello. Pre¬ 
paratory to planting the ground should be well drained if necessary, and 
the ground trenched as deeply as the good soil allows, not bringing up 
much of the stubborn soil to the surface, but the bottom of the trenches 
should be turned or loosened with a pick and left. In the case of very 
stiff soils it will be advisable to burn enough of the clay to cover the 
ground 6 inches thick, and mix that with the top 18 inches. In planting 
c n wet or heavy soil raise a mound for planting on of 12 to 18 inches 
height, and with gentle elope outwards. Secure the trees with stakes at 
planting, and mulch over the roots a yard around the stem with about J 
half-rotten manure 3 inches thick. If this thickness be given over the 
whole ground, and that mixed with the top foot, it being placed on in frosty 
or dry weather, the land will be fit for anything, cropping with suitable 
vegetables, or planting with bush fruit, both good means of establishing 
an orchard in half the time to planting trees on grass. 
A site with a southern exposure should be chosen, and if possible 
sheltered to the north, north-west, and north-east. Damson trees are 
profitable and by no means inefficient shelters. It is whilst the fruit 
trees are young that they require most care, as when they become large 
they protect each other. Twenty-four feet apart is a proper distance to 
plant the trees for orchards.— Utilitarian. 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS AND THEIR CULTURE. 
(Continued from page 260.) 
WAITING FOR THE VERDICT. 
Probably the most anxious time an exhibitor of Chrysanthe¬ 
mums has during the whole year is the short period in which he is 
“ waiting for the verdict; ” this is rendered more so if he is in 
doubt as to how the judges will decide. Some growers possessing 
much experience can form a pretty correct opinion at the time of 
staging, except where the quality of the opposing collections are 
pretty even with their own ; in such cases it is only by examining 
every bloom on its merits that a satisfactory conclusion can be 
arrived at. This can be much best done by judges who do not know 
the collections, nor have any partiality. The grower is at times 
likely to regard his own geese as swans. 
The best way an exhibitor can employ his time during these 
anxious moments is to busy himself with the packing up of his 
tools, bottles, boxes, and spare blooms, stowing all away snugly, so 
that they do not interfere with anyone ; also sweeping up the room, 
leaving all neat, so that no difficulty will be placed in the way 
should circumstances require the same favour to be granted on 
another occasion. Many times have I seen exhibitors much too 
careless in this matter, leaving their boxes and rubbish, such as 
decayed florets, bits of wood, and so on all over the place ; this is 
not as it should be. Sometimes exhibitors hang about the doors of 
the building, anxious, no doubt, to pick up a word or two from 
officials passing to and fro. I have known false reports circulated, 
which caused an exhibitor to despatch telegrams notifying his suc¬ 
cess, but when the result was officially announced, instead of his 
being at the top he was at the bottom of the list. No doubt this 
anxious feeling is not easily overcome by “ young beginners ” in ex¬ 
hibiting ; even older men cannot always suppress their feelings at 
such critical times. 
The best advice I can give to young exhibitors is this : As soon 
as the duties of staging and tidying up are complete, let them 
leave the exhibition building entirely and find a hairdresser. An 
acquaintance with soap and water will do much toward refreshing 
the outer man, whose appearance may not be too bright after a 
long railway journey and loss of sleep. Some dinner will improve 
the inner man, and then the anxious exhibitor ought to be in a 
good frame of mind for receiving the verdict. If he should be the 
lucky winner and the stake at issue an important one, rest assured 
he will receive congratulations abundant^', and feel the truth of 
the old adage that “ there is nothing succeeds like success.” Accept 
the greetings unostentatiously, and do not speak lightly of your 
opponent or his blooms, but remember that although you are at the 
top of the tree to-day another year you may exchange places. In 
many cases it is only a turn of Fortune’s wheel in your favour. If 
you happen to be placed second, do not seek to cavil with your more 
lucky opponent over some of his blooms, even if weak points can 
be found in his stand, as, depend upon it, more can be found in 
your own. Accept the verdict of the judges with a good grace, for 
in nineteen cases out of twenty it is right, and return home a wiser 
if a sadder man, but with the spirit of emulation stronger within 
you. Much information can be gained from defeat, and if turned 
to account it may enable you to outdistance your rival on the next 
occasion. 
TAKING NOTES. 
Growers of Chrysanthemums, and more particularly those who 
exhibit them, should always take notes of any new or uncommon 
varieties which they do not possess, but see staged at the shows, as 
new varieties possessing merit are sure to find their way there. 
This plan is preferable to purchasing supposed new kinds early in 
the season, growing them, and eventually finding them worse than 
some already in their possession. This applies to the Japanese varie¬ 
ties mainly, as they are sent out each in far larger numbers than any 
others. In the afternoon of the day, then, on which the show is 
held make a practice of thoroughly examining all the stands to see 
if any new varieties are staged ; even if they are not presented in 
good form an idea can be formed as to their ultimate qualities when 
grown under favourable conditions. I note carefully down the 
name, what section they belong to, the colour, form and size of each, 
