314 
[ October 7, 1888. 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
Setting Boilers.—To deal xhaustively with this matter 
would require a series of articles, for there are as many systems 
as boilers, and therefore I do not intend to enter into details that 
may be applicable to any one boiler. The arrangement of the 
pipes may be perfect and the boiler all that could be desired, 
but if it is set wrong it is certain to prove unsatisfactory, all 
else being of little avail The maker of any particular boiler is 
familiar with the best method of setting it, and as they are 
always willing to give this information gratis with the boiler, I 
strongly advise those who need help in this matter to seek it from 
those who are best able to impart'it. 
Stoking. —This is by no means the least important matter 
connected with the subject of heating by hot water. Many 
boilers have to be stoked in holes that are a disgrace to any 
establishment and unfit for a man to enter. They are frequently 
small underground holes, where the man in the performance of 
his duty not only knocks the skin off his hands frequently in the 
cleaning of the fire, but is smothered and nearly choked in the 
bargain with smoke, dust, and sulphur. Very rarely are stoke¬ 
holes in keeping with the rest of the establishment. This 
is not only the case in small but in large gardens, where 
everything else is on an elaborate scale. No wonder men 
stoke badly, for they are glad to get away from such places 
as rapidly as possible. Bad stoking means a wasteful expendi¬ 
ture of fuel, which in a few years would pay for new stokeholes 
or boiler houses. 
There are a few exceptions, which I am glad to say are in¬ 
creasing in numbers annually. Messrs. James Coombe & Sons 
have been the means of getting good stokeholes in more than one 
garden; for instance, the one at Allerton Priory and at Norris 
Green are models of what these places should be. A stokehole 
should be light; it is better covered with a glass than a slate 
roof (the roof in the case of the latter is just as good as if it 
had been provided for a vinery) ; it should be roomy in all direc¬ 
tions and liberally ventilated, so that the dust and dirt in 
clinkering and cleaning the fire can pass away from the man as 
quickly as possible. Under such conditions stoking becomes a 
pleasure rather than a nuisance, and a man can take some pride 
in striving to be a good stoker. 
The economy of fuel or the reverse depends more upon the 
stoker than upon the boiler A good stoker will so regulate the 
draught of his boiler that the whole of the heat thrown off by 
the burning fuel is transmitted to the various heating surfaces 
of the boiler, and thus waste none of the heat. A bad stoker 
will do the reverse, and burn nearly double the amount of fuel 
and get less heat in return. With a well-regulated draught below 
and above the furnace, a clean fire, clear at the back, with the 
c®nsuming fuel towards the front, but little heat will be wasted 
and only a small per-centage of carbon conveyed to the chimney. 
This has special reference to stoking the different forms of 
the saddle boiler. With upright tubulars the economy of fuel is 
in a very large measure dependent upon the management of the 
damper in the chimney. Where black smoke issues from the 
chimney in large volumes it is certain that waste is going on— 
either the draught is wrong or the fire black and dead at the 
back. Too frequently dust and burnt fuel are allowed to lodge 
at the back, and often a large quantity of fuel is thrown well back 
upon it and the burning fire kept in front. This is wrong. All 
dust and dead fuel from the back should be removed daily and 
the bright fire kept there, while the fuel burning and to be burnt 
should he towards the front. The front of the bars must also be 
kept just clear, so that air can pass in and carry the smoke and 
gases over the bright portion of the fire to be consumed. When 
stoking is carried out on this principle the smoke is practically 
oonsumed, and instead of a black volume a white one issues from 
the chimney. The ashpit should be emptied daily and the flues 
and tubes freed from soot; when they become coated waste of 
fuel is certain to result. It is impossible to clean thoroughly the 
tubes and various parts of some boilers, and where economy is 
■one main object such boilers should be avoided, for no matter 
how ood the stoker a large amount of heat is certain to be lost. 
Every provision must be made for cleaning the heating surfaces 
of the boiler from soot. When it is necessary to raise the heat 
quickly the fire must not be checked by putting on too much fuel 
at a time. To he a thoroughly good stoker, however, it is neces¬ 
sary to study the boiler, the method in which it is best worked, 
and then, and only then, can be a boiler be stoked effectually and 
the greatest amount of heat that can be produced from a given 
quantity of fuel utilised to the best advantage. Success can only 
he attained in stoking by practice,, patience, and observation. 
A ! 1 who wish to excel may do so by perseverance and the exercise 
of intelligent thought.— Wm Bardney. 
(Concluded.) 
TWO NEW ROSES. 
I have been favoured by two correspondents with blooms of 
two new Roses of which a good deal has been said, and as they 
are both transatlantic they are the more interesting, not that 
America is a new territory for the queen of flowers, for it was 
from thence in the early part of this century that we received the 
Noisette Rose. Philippe Noisette sent to his brother in Paris 
from Philadelphia the blush Noisette, a hybrid between the 
Musk Rose and the common China. This, crossed with Tea 
Roses has no doubt been the parent of many of our vastly im¬ 
proved varieties; indeed, so great is the love for the Rose that 
from many quarters we have accounts of novelties, many of them 
doubtless oniy new in name, like that wretched impostor Lusiadas 
from Portugal, of which a Rose grower at Luxembourg, after 
giving the glowing description of its raiser (?) says, despite of this 
enchanting description, it is no other than the old Celine Porestier. 
Then a Hungarian rosarian is raising some varieties of climbing 
Roses, which we are assured will be highly valued in our northern 
climes; perhaps so, but we shall see. They are not, of course, in¬ 
tended for exhibitors. Then Messrs. Dickson of Newtonards in 
Ireland have announced a series of new Roses which have been 
highly spoken of, so that from all sides there are signs of in¬ 
creased energy in the production of new Roses, bewildering to 
amateurs, but doubtless profitable to the raisers. 
American Beauty, which has been kindly sent to me by Mr. 
James Bayson of Caen, is evidently of the class now called 
Hybrid Teas. It is a good sized Rose, of a lilac pink colour, 
somewhat, as far as I could judge from the specimen, of the 
Cheshunt Hybrid and Reine Marie Henriette colour. Its fra¬ 
grance is something remarkable, reminding one oi that most 
sweet-scented of all Roses, the old Cabbage. It is vigorous in 
growth and may be an acquisition as a garden Rose, whatever 
may be the ultimate verdict on it as an exhibition Rose. 
From Mr. B. R. Cant, the well-known Rose grower of Col¬ 
chester, I have received a very beautiful bloom of another 
American Rose, The Bride This was originated in the garden 
of Mr. Bancroft, the historian, as a sport from that exquisite 
Rose, Catherine Mermet, of which it was said to be a white 
counterpart. When we remember what an exquisite form that 
Rose possesses, the notion of a pure white Tea, as white as 
Niphetos, and without the loose habit of that Rose, when once it 
emerges from the bud state, when it is so liable to throw about its 
large petals in all directions like the swifts of a windmill, was 
tempting enough. The bloom that Mr. Cant was good enough to 
send me bears out the description. It was a very pure white of 
exquisite form, but curiously enough, as I suppose the effects of 
the cold nights, its edges were tinged exactly as Marie Van Houtte 
comes in the autumn. It has therefore every appearance of being 
an acquisition. Like Catharine Mermet it has plenty of substance, 
and is said to be equally vigorous. 
My note on Madame Gabriel Luizet has brought me several 
communications. Mr. Lindsell of Beaston, Hitchin, writes to 
me, “I say for your Madame Gabriel Luizet it is a Rose that I 
am very fond of, and of which I have forty really good plants, 
but I hadonlyone small bloom this month. I budded itfrom flower¬ 
ing shoots on the seedling Briar two years ago, but these eleven 
plants, though they gave grand blooms in July, now stand 6 feet 
high, without a suspicion of a bud. Mr. Burrell (the nurseryman) 
cannot make it bloom in the autumn at Cambridge, but tells me 
that he was in the Rev. W. H. Jackson’s garden at Stagsden, 
near Bedford, and that his plants were in full autumn bloom. 
Roses certainly seem to me to have their fads, and if a variety 
does not like a locality it is hopeless to expect to grow it well. 
Some of Mr. Whitwell’s favourites I can do very little with eg., 
Madame Hippolyte Jamain, Madame Charles Wood, and Eugenie 
Verdier, while I have no trouble with Horace Vernet, Marie 
Cointet, and Xavier Olibo.’’ From Mr. Strange at Aldermaston, 
Reading, another good rosarian I hear, “ I have had some good 
blooms of Gabriel Luizet, but other plants have not flowered at 
all, ’ while Mr. G. Mount of the Rose Nursery, Canterbury, writes 
to me extolling its good autumn-blooming qualities, and says he 
has grand blooms from his plants quite fit for exhibition. It 
would thus seem that she is “ uncertain, coy, and hard to please, 
but to be cherished in the hope that even where she has refused 
to give a bloom in the autumn some whim may induce her so to 
do.— Wild Rose. 
VERY LATE PEACHES A MISTAKE. 
Here, as in most other gardens, late Peaches are much valued, and 
with the object of having them as late as possible a number of trees 
were planted some years ago, the varieties being chosen to give a succes¬ 
sion of fruit for a long time. Hales’ Early is the earliest, and we always 
gather ripe fruit from it during the first week in August. This is fol¬ 
lowed by Early Alfred ; then comes Barrington, followed by Bellegarde, 
