November 11, 1836. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
443 
VEGETABLES. 
Artichokes .. 
.. dozen 
s. 
1 
d. s. d 
0 to 0 0 
Lettuce 
s. 
1 
d. 
0 to 
s. 
1 
a 
6 
Asparagus 
.. bundle 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mushrooms 
..punnet 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Beans, Kidney 
per bushel 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Mustard and CresB punnet 
0 
a 
0 
0 
Beet, Red 
.. dozen 
i 
0 
t 
0 
Ouions .. .. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Broccoli .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley .. dozen bunches 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Brussels Sprouts 
.. ^ sieve 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Parsnips .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Cabbage .. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Potatoes .. .. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Capsicums .. 
100 
1 
6 
2 
0 
,, Kidney 
.. cwt. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Carrots .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Rhubarb.. 
0 
2 
0 
6 
Cauliflowers ,. 
.. dozen 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy .. .. 
1 
0 
l 
0 
Celery .. ,. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Scorzonera 
.. bundle 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Coleworts dcz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Soakale .. .. 
per basket 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cucumbers .. 
• • each 
0 
8 
0 
4 
Shallots .. .. 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Endive .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Spinach .. 
3 
0 
4 
4 
Heros .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Leeks .. .. 
0 
8 
0 
4 
Turnips .. .. 
bunch 
0 
4 
0 
0 
S. 
PLANTS 
d. s. a. 
IN POTS. 
8 . 
d. 
S. 
a 
Aralia Sieboldi .. dozen 
9 
0 to 18 0 
Ficus elastica .. each 
1 
6 to 
7 
0 
Arbor vitas (golden) dozen 
6 
0 
9 0 
Fuchsia .. per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
,i (cm-mon) dozen 
6 
0 
12 0 
Foliage Plants, var. each 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Asters .. .. per dozen 
0 
0 
0 0 
Heliotrope .. per dozen 
0 
e 
0 
0 
Bedding Plants, var. doz. 
0 
0 
0 0 
Hydrangea .. per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Begonias .. .. dozen 
4 
0 
9 0 
Ivy Geraniums per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Chrysanthemum .. dozen 
6 
0 
12 0 
Lilium anratum per doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cockscombs per dozen 
0 
0 
0 0 
Lobelias .. .. per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cyperus.dozen 
4 
0 
12 0 
Marguerite Daisy dozen 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Dracaena terminalis, dozen 30 
0 
60 0 
Mignonette .. per dozen 
3 
0 
6 
0 
„ viridis .. dozen 12 
0 
24 0 
Musk .. .. per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Erica, various .. dozen 
9 
0 
12 0 
Myrtles.dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
» hyemalis per dozen 12 
0 
24 0 
Palms, in var. .. each 
2 
6 
21 
0 
„ gracilis per dozen 
9 
0 
12 0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Euonymus, in var. dozen 
6 
0 
18 0 
Pelargoniums per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Evergreens, in var. dozen 
6 
0 
24 0 
Primula sisensis per doz. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Ferns, in variety .. dozen 
4 
0 
18 0 
Solanums per doz. 
9 
0 
12 
0 
CUT FLOWERS. 
s. d. 
s. d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
a. 
Abntilons 12 bunches 
2 
0 to 4 0 
Lily of the Valley, 12 spray3 
0 
0 to 0 
0 
Arum Lilies .. IS blooms 
4 
0 
6 0 
Marguerites .. 12 bunches 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Asters .. .. 12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 0 
Mignonette .. 12 bunches 
1 
0 
8 
0 
Azalea .. .. 12 sprays 
1 
0 
1 6 
Myosotis .. 12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Bouvardias .. per bunch 
0 
6 
1 0 
Narciss, Paper-while, hunch 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Camellias ,. 12 blooms 
2 
0 
4 0 
Pelargoniums, per 12 trusses 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Carnations .. 12 blooms 
1 
0 
8 0 
„ scarlet, 12 trusses 
0 
4 
0 
6 
„ .. 12 bunches 
4 
0 
9 0 
Roses .. 12 hunches 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Chrysanthemums 12 bches. 
2 
0 
6 0 
„ (indoor), per dozen 
0 
6 
2 
0 
12 blooms 
1 
4 
2 0 
„ Tea. dozen 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Cornflower .. 12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 0 
„ red .. .. dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Dahlias .. 12 bunches 
2 
0 
4 0 
Parme Violets (French) 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Epiphyllnm .. doz. blooms 
0 
6 
0 0 
Primula (single) per bunch 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Encharis .. per dozen 
3 
0 
6 0 
„ (double) per bunch 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Gardenias .. 12 blooms 
3 
0 
5 0 
Pyrethrum .. 12 bunches 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Gladioli .. 12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 0 
Stephanotis .. 12 sprays 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Hyacinths, Roman, 12 sprays 
1 
6 
2 0 
Stocks, various 12 hunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lapageria, white, 12 blooms 
2 
0 
4 0 
Tropseolum .. 12 bunches 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Lapageria, red ,_ 12 blooms 
1 
0 
2 0 
Tuberoses .. 12 blooms 
0 
6 
i 
0 
„ longiflorum,12 hlms. 
3 
0 
6 0 
Violets .. .. 12 bunches 
1 
0 
i 
6 
Lilac (white), French, bunch 
6 
0 
8 0 
„ Czar, French, per bunch 
1 
3 
i 
9 
DAIRY COWS. 
The request of a correspondent for our “ formula for 
feeding milch cows ” is a reminder that more care is required 
in the management of cows during the winter months than 
at any other season of the year, and that especial care must 
be taken with the dietary if we would have a sweet, whole¬ 
some, and palatable supply of milk, cream, and butter from 
the present time till the cows have a full supply of grass once 
more. Instead, therefore, of giving a brief answer, the 
matter is of sufficient importance to merit at least one article 
now for the assistance of our readers generally ; for although 
it presents no difficulty—no complicated course of treatment, 
yet, as in most other things, there is a right and a wrong 
way, and it has been our experience to find that the wrong 
way is that which is most frequently followed. 
Advisedly have we taken dairy cows for our subject, 
because the term of “ milch cows ” is too broad and compre¬ 
hensive for our purpose. We have shown in former papers 
on this subject that the milch cows must for particular 
purposes be divided into the two distinct sections of dairy 
and stock herds, the first for the production of dairy produce, 
the last for the breeding of beasts for the butcher. On many 
a home farm the dairy herd presents itself to us in the guise 
of a careful selection of pure breed, Jerseys, Guernseys, 
Kerrys, or Ayrshires; while the stock herd consists of an 
equally choice strain of Herefords, Shorthorns, Sussex, 
Devons, or one or other of the polled breeds. Whether the 
cows of our dairy herd are pure or cross-bred animals, all 
must have equal care shown to them now. 
The articles of diet which may be used for them in winter 
are the best meadow hay, bran, Carrots, Mangold, Cabbages, 
Oats, and silage. They must not have any Turnips or cake 
of any kind, whether pure linseed or the compound round 
cakes. Hay forms the chief article of diet, and that is given 
them either in cribs in the yard or in racks in the open 
lodges. Bran is used at milking time, and for weakly 
delicate cows there is an addition of crushed Oats to 
strengthen and keep them in condition. Of roots Carrots 
are used principally during the last three months of the year ; 
this autumn grass has grown freely so late that Carrots were 
not used at all in October. Mangolds come into use with 
the new year, and are given sliced or minced regularly with 
the bran at milking time. So bountiful is our supply of this 
useful root now that it must largely exceed all possible 
requirements. Cabbages should be given sparingly by way 
of imparting wholesome variety to the winter dietary, and 
not so freely as to impart any unpleasant flavour to the 
milk. Silage, too, requires care, and so far as our experience 
of it goes we should only venture to use it once daily in the 
cribs or racks. 
It is obvious that watchfulness, care, and sound judg¬ 
ment are highly necessary to cow management. The 
quantity of food should be very much in proportion to the 
size of the cows. A Kerry or Jersey cannot consume the 
same bulk of food as a shorthorn, and small cattle require 
more attention to quality and richness of food than others. 
Never suffer cows to consume large quantities of uncrushed 
Oats, a kibbling mill is not very expensive, and it renders 
corn passed through it easy to masticate and digest. See 
that the drinking water is both fresh and abundant; to 
insure this let there be pumping or other means for a fresh 
supply daily. We once had a home farm with the yards of 
the homestead on one side of a valley abounding in springs 
of water, and we continued to convey fresh water through 
pipes to an open cistern in each yard, the water passing 
onwards through each cistern to the next, so that it was 
impossible for the cows to have stagnant water. 
The cows’ house should be lofty and commodious, the 
stalls and pens so large that the cows have ample space to 
lie down when the weather is so severe that they have to be 
kept in. The yard should open, but so enclosed as to exclude 
cold cutting wind as much as possible. This is best done 
by having the cow house on one side, and deep open lodges 
on the other sides. We strongly object to keeping cows in 
the cow house throughout winter. They should have daily 
exercise in the yard, and be accustomed to rest in the open 
lodges by day, and also by night when the weather is not wet 
or stormy. Divisions are useful, for we never will allow 
delicate cows to be turned into a yard with stronger animals 
to be bullied and knocked about. As a standing rule all 
Jerseys are shut in at night in closed sheds or in the cow 
house. We like to have small stacks of litter made in the 
open yards, both to insure a full and regular supply of fresh 
litter daily and to give the cows snug resting places on 
sunny days. We never allow stable dung or any foul litter 
to be thrown into the cow yard, for cows will often eat it, 
and an unpleasant flavour is imparted to the milk. 
WORK ON THE HOME FARM. 
Hedges have sadly fallen off in condition since the agricultural 
depression set in, on many a farm the annual trimming of hedges and 
scouring of ditches being altogether neglected. We regard this as mis¬ 
taken economy, for eventually hedges outgrow due bounds, and then the 
labour of cutting is a heavy matter in comparison with the light work of 
an annual clipping. We have added a few fields to the home farm this 
Michaelmas, and we not only found overgrown hedges but a rank growth 
of perennial weeds inside them. All this had to be cut down at once 
