December 2, 1886. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
497 
cut its figure on the grass, none is more beautiful. It does best on light ' 
soils and on peaty formations, but is not at all fastidious. Laurels may 
be passed over, only the Colchic Laurel makes a noble pyramid, and the 
Portugal is suitable for forming into a bush, half balls not being despic¬ 
able, pyramids being truly handsome, and standards are not bad substi¬ 
tutes for Orange trees. They in aDy form are best adapted for formal 
gardens. 
Of Evergreen Oaks the best is Quercus austriaca sempervirens, and it 
does best in a deep loam, but well drained. It is, of course, a large tree. 
Yuccas are decidedly bold and highly ornamental. Of these, Y. recurva 
is far the best. Y. gloriosa is certainly noble, and its variety pendula 
has grace as well as nobleness. The Yuccas fit in with any style of gar¬ 
dening, but are more suited to the formal. They like a deep light soil. 
In sheltered spots few plants are finer than Aralia Sieboldi, with large 
Fig-like leaves. A rich, light, and rather moist soil is most suitable, but 
it must not have the moisture stagnant. In cold localities it should be 
afforded protection in severe weather. 
Rhododendrons, whether as bushes or standards, are suitable. They 
thrive in nearly all soils, except hot siliceous soil and those thin soils 
over gravel. They do not as a rule thrive on the oolite and limestone 
formations. They require a cool and moisture-holding soil. Peat is 
necessary to their successful culture in soil of an adverse nature, and 
then they are very beautiful from their flowers in early summer, and the 
deep green foliage at other seasons. The seed vessels should be removed 
as soon as the flowering is over. 
DECIDUOUS TREES AND SHRUBS. 
These are almost excluded from lawns conceived upon modern ideas. 
True, we see them in shrubberies where they have no chance to attain 
their characteristics, or show themselves in the beauty of foliage and 
flowers which constitute their charms in contrast with evergreens. 
Ball Acacia (Acacia inermis).—The flue globular heads of this are 
very effective, but it is more suited to formal gardening than anything 
else. It has a peculiar fitness for striking the angles of walks and for 
screening the windows, &c., in town gardens. It likes a light soil, and is 
very beautiful and very accommodating, as its head can be kept very com¬ 
pact by pruning during the spring. 
Beech.—Of all coloured-leaved trees there is none that can equal the 
Purple Beech. It is only, of course, suitable for a large lawn. The 
Fern-leaved makes a fine tree, and is very beautiful. Beeches do best in 
light soil, sandy or chalky. 
Tulip Tree (Liriodendron Tulipifera).—Very beautiful, forming a large 
tree, the foliage being large and distinct, flowers not very conspicuous. 
Maple.—The Acers are more suited to parks than pleasure grounds, 
but the Eagle’s Claw (A. laciniatum) is remarkable, and A. Negundo 
variegatum is the most beautiful of all variegated trees. In contrast witha 
dark green background it is simply unique. Unfortunately it is not very 
hardy. It thrives best on well drained soils, and then ripens the wood 
well, and is considerably hardier on that account, being hardy as far north 
as York. 
Horse Chestnut (AHsculus).—Relegating the large trees to the park 
ground, we have the beautiful scarlet Whitleyi, the yellow (glabra paliida) 
and the golden netted-leaved Memmingeri, and the dwarf forms, macro- 
stachva and rubicunda nana. The Fern-leaved (heterophylla laciniata) is 
very distinct and graceful. 
Cherry (Cerasus).—The double-blossomed are simply superb in spring, 
especially the double Weeping, Cherries like a light or calcareous 
soil. 
Birch.—Lovely, whether it be the Silver Weeping, Fern-leaved 
Weeping, or new Weeping. They like [moist soil, and have a peculiar 
fitness for association with water. The Purple-leaved is as beautiful in 
its way as the Purple Beech. 
Elms.—These are mentioned mainly through their standing smoke 
well. Berardi is a cut-leaved sort of upright growth. Ulmus campestris 
aurea has golden foliage, elegantissima weeps and has silver-edged 
foliage ; but the best of the weeping Elms is the Camperdown. Efms 
like damp ground. 
Laburnums are fine for town and suburban gardens, Parksi being pro¬ 
bably the beet, but Scotch is superb. There is not a finer pictorial 
small tree than the Golden Laburnum, its foliage being very telling. 
Light soil is most suitable, but the Laburnums do well in any free 
soil. 
Snowy Mespilus (Amelanchier Botryapium).—I doubt if any white¬ 
flowering tree can compare with this in spring for effective beauty, and 
it will grow anywhere. 
Thorns (Crataegus).—The Thorns are town trees. They thrive in 
smoke, and their blossoms are beautiful, especially the Double Scarlet, 
Double Pink, and Double White. Crus-galli, coccinea, and splendens 
grandiflora with its large white flowers, altaica, Royal variegated, nigra, 
Douglasi, tenacetifolia, glandulosa, and others are superb. 
All the deciduous sorts named so far are standards. They in that form, 
except weeping trees, admit of being mown under. We have only to 
add Willows for planting on the margin of ponds, than which none are 
finer than Salix babylonica, but Kilmarnock, Salomon, and Wolseyana 
are hardier and very fine. The stiff formal American is good, but does not 
accord with water so well as the whip-liko sprays of the others. 
Magnolia acuminata is very beautiful, forming a large pyramidal tree, 
and is the noblest tree of the family. Trees 45 feet high in May or June 
in flower are not soon forgotten. M. auriculata pyramidalis is dwarfer 
more pyramidal, and flowers earlier. M. conspicua and its vars., the 
very fine Soulangeana amongst them, are unrivalled f nr their white 
blossoms in spring. They must, however, have warm or sheltered situa¬ 
tions. M. tripetala flowering later needs not protection, nor indeed do 
the others, only they are better so as to save the flowers from frost, and 
on that account are given shelter. 
Liquidamber styTaoiflua forms a compact tree with miniature Plane¬ 
like leaves, and the leaves change to a beautiful purple in autumn. It 
likes a light or well drained land. 
Parrotia persica is another of the small trees or shrnbs that is very 
beautiful in autumn from the rich leaf-markings, and requires a light soil 
and shelter. 
Tree Paeonies do splendidly as lawn shrubs in sheltered positions, their 
large flowers having a noble and most effective appearance. They are 
truly grand, and amply repay any encouragement and protection ia 
spring. 
Sumach.—If there is anything finer in late summer than a good bush 
of Rhus cotinus I should like to know it. It seems to do best in light 
soil. 
The list might be considerably extended, and those finding a tree 
or shrub doing well in a border forming a good specimen may safely give 
it place on grass with a certainty that it will do much better with light 
from all points than in a cramped border. 
HERBACEOUS PLANTS. 
Boeconia cordata.—The fine bold foliage, and its terminal panicles of 
peculiar brownish flowers render this very suitable where a plant growing 
6 feet or more high is desired. Its foliage is light or glaucous. 
Cimioifuga racemosa is very showy, its large biternate leaves deeply 
cut into segments being graceful, and garnished with its drooping 
racemes of feathery white flowers is very effective. 
Eryngium pandanifolium is a very striking plant, after the style of 
a Pandanus, having long spiny leaves, the plant attaining to a height of 
about 3 feet, from which the flower stem rises to a height of 6 to 10 feet, 
and is a striking object in late summer. It does best in a rich light soil, 
and in such is quite hardy. 
Fuchsias.—On a light soil the Fuchsias form lovely objects, their 
flowers being simply charming in their emerald setting. Riccartoni, 
Carolina, gracilis, and virginalis are superb varieties. They like a light 
soil, or any well drained soil and deep will grow them perfectly ; only in 
dry weather they like copious supplies of water or liquid manure, and in 
winter should have some leaf soil or other protective material over the 
stools. 
Guonera scabra.—Very noble in appearance when it does well, as it 
only appears to do in moist rich soil, and then is one very effective. Its 
large leaves 4 feet in diameter, borne on stout petioles, are very beautiful 
in bold feature. It is most suitable for planting near water ; indeed, a 
moist soil seems indispensable, and does best when near running water. 
It is best with protection over the crown and some distance around in 
severe weather similar to Rhubarb. Mentioning Rhubarb reminds me of 
the stateliness of Rheum officinale, it also doing grandly in rich deep 
moist soil, but is hardly suitable for a dressed lawn. 
Symphytum officinale variegatum is very attractive from its large 
foliage, variegated with yellow. It requires a deep rich moist soil, but 
will grow in almost any kind of land. 
Tritomas are superb for sheltered situations, as they really do not 
stand wind well. Their grass-like leaves and long spikes of scarlet aod 
yellow flowers are very effective. T. nobilis is the finest of the genus, 
and flowers early and continuously. T. Uvaria glaucescens is of dwarf 
habit. 
Arundinaria Falconeri is of free and very graceful growth, and attains 
to large proportions. There are few plants more ornamental, and it does 
well on almost any soil, but best on damp or where its roots are moist in 
hot weather. It is particularly beautiful in a sheltered position near 
water. A. spathulata is also very graceful, but it does not seem to be 
quite so hardy. That, however, may be due to its having been coddled, 
as new plants mostly are. 
Arundo conspicua forms dense tufts far more compact and rigid than 
Pampas Grass, the foliage being broader, the spikes of inflorescence being 
smaller, earlier, and not silvery. 
Gynerium argenteum is well known and deservedly popular. S. ar- 
genteum pumilum is dwarfer, and on that account is suitable for sm 11 
lawns. 
In planting specimens on lawns the thing is to make proper provi¬ 
sion, not being afraid of making a hole, stirring the soil well r.nl as 
deep as the good soil allows, loosening that at the bottom of the hole, 
and if shallow taking out some of the bad soil, and refill with fresh. 
The turf should be replaced to within a short distance of the plant all 
round, lawn plants always appearing best in this way, and are prefer¬ 
ably slightly raised above the surrounding leyel.—G Abbey. 
STORING TUBEROUS PLANTS IN WINTER. 
The successful wintering of plants often gives garden managers, 
especially those in a small way, much concern, as where glass is limited 
it is a hard matter to find accommodation for all the plants which are 
liable to suffer from frost and damp during the winter ; but tubers possess 
a great advantage over plants in this respect, as the foliage of the majority 
of them die in winter, and the roots can be stored away and preserved in a 
very small space. In fact, many of them can be wintered wiihout any 
glass, and while a fine display of flowers or foliage is secured from them 
in summer, the expense of keeping them in winter is reduced almost to 
nothing, and they are not one-quarter the trouble and expense of common 
